علمی - پژوهشی
Gelareh Esfandiari; Mohammad Motiee
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 15-31
Abstract
The present essay attempts to accomplish a Weberian reading of Marsha Norman’s Getting Out, ‘Night, Mother, and Third and Oak. The depicted status quo in the selected plays corresponds with the concept of conflict, propounded in Max Weber’s Economy and Society, which is the main concept of this ...
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The present essay attempts to accomplish a Weberian reading of Marsha Norman’s Getting Out, ‘Night, Mother, and Third and Oak. The depicted status quo in the selected plays corresponds with the concept of conflict, propounded in Max Weber’s Economy and Society, which is the main concept of this study. Conflict which is a social phenomenon that occurs due to inequality in class, status, and power, can be found through the life of the characters. As class is associated with economy and status is associated with prestige, the level of prestige and economy and its relation to power are examined through the process of conflict. Through this process, while domination appears due to the power, it transforms to authority if its legitimacy happens out of the submission of the other part. This study tries to probe the inevitability of conflict, the reactions of the individuals through the process of conflict, the elements which have a role in this process, and also the types of authority that emerge due to the compliance of the subjects. Through the examination of the mentioned issues, the current study aims to see the different consequences of the conflict. While ‘Night, Mother and Third and Oak convey the negative aspect of the conflict, Getting Out depicts the positive one.
علمی - پژوهشی
Shohreh Chavoshian
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 65-84
Abstract
Though Beckett’s name is closely associated with fiction and drama in the world of contemporary art and literature, a thorough understanding of his oeuvre seems impossible without the study of “Film,” the only film script he has ever written. The present research is a psychoanalytical study of ...
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Though Beckett’s name is closely associated with fiction and drama in the world of contemporary art and literature, a thorough understanding of his oeuvre seems impossible without the study of “Film,” the only film script he has ever written. The present research is a psychoanalytical study of “Film” within the critical framework of Lacanian theory. The study illustrates that both Lacan, in his theory, and Beckett, in his “Film,” differentiate between the concept of the eye and the concept of the gaze: in both masters, the eye stands in close relation to the consciousness, the subjectivity, and the representation; whereas, the gaze bears a close relation to the unconscious, the Object Petit a and the image. The concept of gaze occupies some different positions in Lacanian theory, corresponding to the different definitions the critic provides for his notoriously elusive notion of the Object Petit a: 1. the gaze as the lost object; 2. the gaze as the substitute object; and 3. the gaze as the feeling of strangeness, separation, captivation and lack of self-mastery. The present research, moreover, suggests that the subject’s avoidance of the gaze of the Other/other, on the one hand, and his attempt to escape from the dominant ideological discourses and regulatory norms, on the other hand, take place at the very crucial and unexpected moment of his short encounter with the Real, which is marked as a pathological symptom in the realm of the Symbolic.
علمی - پژوهشی
Rakhshandeh Nabizadeh-Nodehi; Sheedeh Ahmadzadeh-Heravi
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 221-243
Abstract
Madness and its manifestations have long been one of the themes treated and diversely depicted in literary works. Shakespeare is among the many authors who have represented this phenomenon in a number of his tragedies through the creation and introduction of a few complicated outstanding characters. ...
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Madness and its manifestations have long been one of the themes treated and diversely depicted in literary works. Shakespeare is among the many authors who have represented this phenomenon in a number of his tragedies through the creation and introduction of a few complicated outstanding characters. His treatment of this issue, according to many critics, is innovative and far from conventional and traditional notions; thus this phenomenon and those who are affected by it can be viewed and analyzed in the light of contemporary theories. Shakespeare particularly creates a peculiar language for the insane personages, which reflects their state of mind and becomes their common feature. In this article, the discourse of four such characters in three major Shakespearean tragedies – Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth – will be discussed in the light of Julia Kristeva’s linguistic theories regarding the semiotic and symbolic dispositions with the assumption that the discourse of madness in these plays is an outcome of the emergence of semiotic features in the symbolic disposition.
علمی - پژوهشی
HOMAYOUN ESLAMI; mohammad Reza farsian
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 33-49
Abstract
In this article we carry out a comparative analysis of the first volume of The Thibaults written by Roger Martin du Gard (1881-1958), in French, published in 1922, with its translation in Persian, done by Abolhassan Najafi (1929-2016), published for the first time in 1989. Our goal is to recognize the ...
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In this article we carry out a comparative analysis of the first volume of The Thibaults written by Roger Martin du Gard (1881-1958), in French, published in 1922, with its translation in Persian, done by Abolhassan Najafi (1929-2016), published for the first time in 1989. Our goal is to recognize the efficiency of the seven procedures of comparative stylistics according to Vinay (1910-1999) and Darbelnet (1904-1990). They include borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation.
To do this, we extract examples of each procedure from these texts. By analyzing some of them, we try to identify the structural and stylistic differences between two texts (and two languages). The key problems that we intend to respond are whether these procedures alone can explain all existing events of translation. And if the answer is negative, what’s the problem? And to solve the problem, what reforms do we need?
علمی - پژوهشی
Vahid Nejad Mohammad; Mohammad Kianidust
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 245-274
Abstract
Novels like myths, can also demonstrate internal reactions and individual and social phenomenons by interpretative processes. The knowledge of romanesque images and research in subjective, existential and historic aspects of 20th century French authors, can unfold structive state of the story and their ...
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Novels like myths, can also demonstrate internal reactions and individual and social phenomenons by interpretative processes. The knowledge of romanesque images and research in subjective, existential and historic aspects of 20th century French authors, can unfold structive state of the story and their creativity. In this deliberation, for studying the fabric and constructing events in "Accident nocturne" of Patrick Modiano, by use of components and collective unconcious archetypes, can show symbolic and psychic images in the basis subjective and collective nature of human, on one side, and in basis of narrative and symbolic experiences, on the other side. In fact, author, with swing of (time) and (place) in narrating and with the design of lost child archetype, displays an image of his own memory and lost identity.
علمی - پژوهشی
Saeid Rezvani
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 157-172
Abstract
Thomas Mann has repeatedly introduced a series of themes in his fictional works over decades, so much so that they can be considered the main concerns of his intellectual career. One of the most important of these themes is the conflict between art and life or the conflict between the artist's life and ...
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Thomas Mann has repeatedly introduced a series of themes in his fictional works over decades, so much so that they can be considered the main concerns of his intellectual career. One of the most important of these themes is the conflict between art and life or the conflict between the artist's life and the that of ordinary citizens. This article contends that Mann's personal life and social-class origin have been the principal motivation for his sustained attention to this issue. He was born to a bourgeois family which, for generations, had earned a living through trade. That he chose a career in writing, against his family tradition, was probably one of the most essential factors that formed in his mind the recurring idea of contradiction between the artists and ordinary citizens’ life. In this article, art and life in Thomas Mann's works are examined by looking at Tristan. Analysis of this work reveals the conflict between art and life as well as the supremacy of life over art in Thomas Mann's thought. The work also reveals the motivation triggered by the author's personal history in creating the themes. Moreover, Tristan demonstrates some of the technical aspects of Mann's writing.
علمی - پژوهشی
Saghi Farahmandpour; Mohammad Ziar
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 139-155
Abstract
So far, many have interpreted Noah's flood poem written by Alfred de Vigny. Most commentators have considered the themes of this poem influenced by the horrific events and frustrations of Vigny's personal and social lives, without focusing on the basis of the poem itself. The main purpose of this paper ...
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So far, many have interpreted Noah's flood poem written by Alfred de Vigny. Most commentators have considered the themes of this poem influenced by the horrific events and frustrations of Vigny's personal and social lives, without focusing on the basis of the poem itself. The main purpose of this paper is to use the Heidegger's phenomenology to focus on the poem itself and to interpret its theme, i.e., unkindness of God, anger of nature, tear and the outburst as an integral part of the foundational essence of human existence. Noah's flood poem is a poem related to the human existence.
This poem describes a human being that does not escape from the confrontation with two phenomena of emancipation and anxiety rooted in his human position and achieves individuality. Such a human being loves freedom free from any outside authority and show outburst.
علمی - پژوهشی
Mohammad Hossein Haddadi; Hossein Sarkar Hassankhan
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 51-63
Abstract
Many of the poems in Bertolt Brecht's plays serve the narrative theater and give as one of the key elements of the alienation technique an especial effect to his narrative narratives. However, Brecht, in line with his intellectual transformation regarding to his political and social positions, has also ...
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Many of the poems in Bertolt Brecht's plays serve the narrative theater and give as one of the key elements of the alienation technique an especial effect to his narrative narratives. However, Brecht, in line with his intellectual transformation regarding to his political and social positions, has also written independent poems, in which he has taken up positions on the political, social and economic issues of the day. These poems, in line with his ideology and following the transformation in his political and social ideas, are distant from his earlier poems regarding the form and content. Brecht does not have much in common with the concept of love in his artistic life due to his political views of the day, however the present essay seeks to show with a view to his lyrical poems that love has a role - although not a very strong one - in his artistic life.
علمی - پژوهشی
Leyla Ghafouri Gharavi
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 201-219
Abstract
The Adversary written by Emmanuel Carrere, a well-known French writer and winner of the prestige Renaudot French literary award in 2011, is a title he chose himself for his book that was published in 2000. The title was very expressive and it entailed the menacing demonic presence that existed within ...
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The Adversary written by Emmanuel Carrere, a well-known French writer and winner of the prestige Renaudot French literary award in 2011, is a title he chose himself for his book that was published in 2000. The title was very expressive and it entailed the menacing demonic presence that existed within the main character of the book. Jean-Claude Romand is a real person who murdered his father, mother, wife and 2 young children and was sentenced to life at first in 1993 in France which was later mercifully reduced to 15 years of imprisonment. In Carrere’s opinion, who is newspaper reporter and a religious writer, the inhumane act of Jean-Claude Romand was a sign of the existence of devilish temptations in weak hearted and frail human souls. So he recounted the event in his own perspective.
In this half fiction and half biographical piece of work, the writer tries to portray Jean-ClaudeRomand as a tragic ancient Greek or Roman hero that despite his best efforts does not succeedin overcoming his tragic fate known as “Ananke” in ancient Greek or “Fatum” in Latin.
He managed to showJean-Claude Romand’s mental illness of “lying and exaggerating” or “mythomania” as an ancient tragedy fatality in this book. As in most ancient tragedies of Greece or ancient Rome, this destructive and inevitable power causes Jean-Claude’s misfortune and destroys his family.
With this Carrere awakened the ancient tragic heroes once again and this time gave a new and modern face to them to the reader. An anti-hero who’s fate is as dark and sad as his ancient counterparts even though he is not majestic as them. In this book the writer shows that despite their advanced appearance, if the modern man does not have control over their own inner weaknesses they will easily become the devil’s playthings as their ancestors before them thousands of years ago were and only misfortune and misery will await them and their peers. This is also while the devil like modern human does not even have a smidgen of the grandeur and braveness of the ancient heroes and cannot answer to the enigma of his wrong ways.
علمی - پژوهشی
leila hor; Ahmad Razi
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 85-112
Abstract
Walk two moons by Sharon Creech, is a symbolic story and with the centrality of critical thinking that its main character, the archetypal world (death, fear of losing and self-recognition)represents that is derived from the collective unconscious. The author by using a complex plot, fiction interference ...
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Walk two moons by Sharon Creech, is a symbolic story and with the centrality of critical thinking that its main character, the archetypal world (death, fear of losing and self-recognition)represents that is derived from the collective unconscious. The author by using a complex plot, fiction interference and symbols like nature, names, cryptic messages raised in the story, and … between the structural elements of a work and its themes established a network communication and by creating parallel structures and critical thinking, addressing instill a sense of juvenile identity seeking. This novel is one of the best-selling of juvenile literature by relying on themes such as death, judgment, travel, and …. reflects the desire to discover the truth by asking analysis, inference, and self-regulation of the characters of the novel.
This article aimed to show the role of story in human experience and as a mean for thinking, contemplation and acceptance of the reality by an analytical-descriptive method and psychological approach and by combining of Glaser and Facione’s list.
The findings suggest that the writer focusing on travel (internal and external) in the novel and acceptance of death (loss) as a motivating factor for juvenile by scheming challenging questions, display new insights about life issues. This novel based on components of critical thinking in two indexes of inference and analysis had the most frequently and acted in accordance with the theme of the novel and while self-regulation and reform of the protagonist, put the new image of maturity and seeking identity at the disposal of juveniles.
علمی - پژوهشی
Abdullah Nowruzy; Masood Khoshsaligheh
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 275-293
Abstract
As a result of the rapid development of translation studies, a growing body of theses has been defended in Iranian universities in the past decade. In spite of the growing academic productions, there is not a comprehensive study on the matters related to content. The study aims at giving a picture of ...
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As a result of the rapid development of translation studies, a growing body of theses has been defended in Iranian universities in the past decade. In spite of the growing academic productions, there is not a comprehensive study on the matters related to content. The study aims at giving a picture of the path followed by MA students and tries to examine and categorize the topics covered by the studies. To do this, document analysis was used as the methodology. A database was consisted of 229 theses defended between 2004 and 2014 at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Allameh Tabatabaei University. All the theses archived in the universities were studied and described. The thematic analysis of the theses resulted in 29 main categories. Using the analysis and inspired by turns of translation studies, all of the theses were inserted into different translation research areas. The result was six main areas and an additional miscellaneous. An additional result of the analysis was a map that was compared and contrasted with Holmes' map of translation studies to see similarities and differences. Moreover, the results show that almost all research areas of Holmes' map have been covered by the theses.
علمی - پژوهشی
samira sadeghian; Mahvash Ghavimi
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 113-138
Abstract
This article is a Psychological analysis of The Roots of Heaven of Romain Gary. Our study is based on Freud theories with the model of Marie Bonaparte. The Roots of Heaven, in its manifest layer, tells a story about preservation of nature and elephants in Africa. In this article, we identify the latent ...
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This article is a Psychological analysis of The Roots of Heaven of Romain Gary. Our study is based on Freud theories with the model of Marie Bonaparte. The Roots of Heaven, in its manifest layer, tells a story about preservation of nature and elephants in Africa. In this article, we identify the latent meaning behind the manifest story through psychological analysis. In real-life, Gary has lost his mother, but his unconscious mind attempts to keep her alive through writing. It seems that as his fight to protect the elephants is unsuccessful, his unconscious attempt also ends in failure. Maybe that is why he continues to write, it is the mean to always have her mother on his side in his writings.
علمی - پژوهشی
zahra Taheri
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, Pages 173-200
Abstract
The Inheritance of Loss: A Quest for ‘Home’ in the Purgatory of Diaspora
This article focuses on the notion of “non-places” and the effect it exerts on the identity of Diasporic minority through the perspectives of cultural studies and a postcolonialism. Deploying Marc Auge and Rogers Brubaker, ...
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The Inheritance of Loss: A Quest for ‘Home’ in the Purgatory of Diaspora
This article focuses on the notion of “non-places” and the effect it exerts on the identity of Diasporic minority through the perspectives of cultural studies and a postcolonialism. Deploying Marc Auge and Rogers Brubaker, the writer has tried to elaborate how the neo-imperial discourse has been able to re-establish its hierarchical system of “the self/ the other” through the newly introduced notion of “good global citizenry.” To this end, Kiran Desai’s awarded work, The Inheritance of Loss (2006), is discussed to delineate how the notion of “non-places” has its roots in the neo-imperial discourse. It is argued that the West, despite its attempt at racial demarcation and minority effacement, has failed to stop the formation of a new pattern of Diaspora—post-Diaspora--- which foregrounds “situational ethnicity,” and as a result, “fluid identity” and redefined cultural geography in post-global era.