علمی - پژوهشی
Zahra Taheri
Abstract
This article, through a post-colonial feministic approach and the deployment of ideas by Whitlock, J. Butler and Emanuel Levinas tries to focus on the re-emergence of “Harem literature” through the new genre of Veiled Best-sellers. To this end, it focuses on the Sasson’s Mayada: The ...
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This article, through a post-colonial feministic approach and the deployment of ideas by Whitlock, J. Butler and Emanuel Levinas tries to focus on the re-emergence of “Harem literature” through the new genre of Veiled Best-sellers. To this end, it focuses on the Sasson’s Mayada: The Daughter of Iraq (2003) to discuss how such works have been abused to endorse neo-liberal policies and to justify the West’s attack on Afghanistan and Iraq; it, also, reveals how such works have been in line with the western policies of “war against terror.” It is argued that, despite the West’s attempt to attribute the popularity of such post- 9/11 works to the “white man’s burden” towards his “oriental sister” at that time, such “other-oriented” ethical discourse brings about no end to the liberal conception of subjectivity (as defined by modernist binary oppositions). On the other hand, it once more pushes the liberal humanism’s discourse of western racial supremacy and consequently justifies the neo-colonial wave in the West.
علمی - پژوهشی
Hossein Mohseni; Kian Soheil
Abstract
Cyberpunk is one of the latest genres in the development of science fiction. In it, characters deal with various cybernetic and technological advancements with futuristic affinities. In this genre, characters experience such futuristic advancements through a series of images and surface values. In the ...
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Cyberpunk is one of the latest genres in the development of science fiction. In it, characters deal with various cybernetic and technological advancements with futuristic affinities. In this genre, characters experience such futuristic advancements through a series of images and surface values. In the present study, it is asked what the status of characters’ knowledge and identity is in the cyberpunk world. Through utilization of ideas of Garfield Benjamin and William Haney, two well-known critics in Cyberculture and Posthuman/Cyborg Identity, the study believes that cyberpunk citizens’ knowledge and definition from their identities is shattered and non-essential. Cyberpunk citizens have fluid movement between their various identities and have a simultaneous sense of belonging and non-belonging to all of them. All these identities are formed around the hollowness and emptiness of the citizens’ identity core, which is the only essence of posthuman subjects.
علمی - پژوهشی
Binazir Mohammad Alizadeh
Abstract
Songs play an influential role in some specific genres of audiovisual products such as musical animations. In recent years, audiovisual translation has attracted a worldwide attention, yet relatively little research has been conducted on song translation, highlighting the need for more research and study. ...
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Songs play an influential role in some specific genres of audiovisual products such as musical animations. In recent years, audiovisual translation has attracted a worldwide attention, yet relatively little research has been conducted on song translation, highlighting the need for more research and study. The present research was an attempt to investigate the singability of songs in Persian dubbed animation, as it has not been studied thoroughly in the Iranian context. The model which was a combination of two models for analyzing singability of songs Franzon’s (2008) and low’s (2003, 2005, 2008) —the pre-existing music, prosodic match, poetic match, semantic–reflexive match, sense, naturalness, lip-synchronization—were applied to the songs translated in the dubbed versions of eleven English language animations to explore the methods of song translation and singability. The initial analysis suggested that more than half of the songs were left untranslated in the dubbed versions that means the viewers had this chance to listen to songs in English. The other side of the analysis suggested the dubbing team adapted the translated lyric to music in most cases, which shows it was important for them not to change the music. Further analysis revealed that elements of prosodic match, poetic match and semantic-reflexive components were preserved and recreated in somecases in the dubbed version even though they were also affected by the lip-synchronization, as a dubbing constraint.
علمی - پژوهشی
ali karimi firozjaei; Mohammadreza Ahmadkhani; Nahid Abbasi
Abstract
Stories reflect intellectual and cultural foundations of each society and discovering the elements of the infrastructure and underlying layers of story, represents social specifications of each nation. This research is tries to apply semiotic approach and pattern of Gramies actors in the analysis of ...
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Stories reflect intellectual and cultural foundations of each society and discovering the elements of the infrastructure and underlying layers of story, represents social specifications of each nation. This research is tries to apply semiotic approach and pattern of Gramies actors in the analysis of Tajik children and adolescence stories and find out the cultural and educational infrastructural latent in these in that country. For this purpose, 5 stories from 100 Tajik children and adolescence story books as targeted sampling have been chosen. The findings of this research show that these stories try to lead and approach addressee to notions and messages such as self esteem, helping the oppressed, brevity, respecting parents, freedom and preventing some beliefs or concepts such as laziness, arrogance and tyranny.
علمی - پژوهشی
Mohammad Sadegh Zarei
Abstract
مقاله ی حاضر بر آن است تا با استفاده از نظریات لویی آلتوسر در تعریف "ایدئولوژی ساختاری" و همچنین نظریات ژاک دریدا در تبیین مفهوم "نشان" به بررسی ساختار روایت وی اس نایپل ...
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مقاله ی حاضر بر آن است تا با استفاده از نظریات لویی آلتوسر در تعریف "ایدئولوژی ساختاری" و همچنین نظریات ژاک دریدا در تبیین مفهوم "نشان" به بررسی ساختار روایت وی اس نایپل در رمان خانه ای برای آقای بیسواس و در کشوری آزاد بپردازد. در نگاه آلتوسر، ایدئولوژی توهمی است که وضیعت واقعی / عینی را پنهان می سازد و از این رو نوعی "آگاهی کاذب" را ایجاد می کند تا بدین وسیله اثر ایدئولوژیک خود را استمرار ببخشد. به عبارتی دیگر، ایدئولوژی رابطه فرد را با واقعیت بیرون متوهم می سازد. در رمان خانه ای برای آقای بیسواس و در کشوری آزاد نایپل تلاش میکند تا ساختار روایتش را براساس طرحی ایدئولوژیک و با "فراخواندن" پی درپی قهرمان داستان به عنوان "دیگری" پی ریزی نماید، تا بدین وسیله دوگانگی نهادینه شده در روایتش را به گونه ای پوشش دهد. نایپل بعضاً در جایگاه یک ایدئولوگ، ایدئولوژی استعمارگرانه ای را در قالب روایت بیان میکند تا شاید بدین وسیله از یک سو آگاهی حاصل از خاستگاه استعماری خود را به رخ بکشد و از سوی دیگر تاثیر ژرف ایدئولوژی ها را در روایت نشان دهد و بتواند بدین وسیله خود را مستقل از تاثیر ایدئوژیک روایتش نشان دهد. حال آنکه او خود مبتلا به است. ساختار روایت او و رد و "نشان" باقی مانده از نظام معنایی آثارش این طرح را کاملاً برملا می سازد. اینجاست که اثر نایپل صرفاً فراتر از محصول مستقیم گفتمان حال حاضر خودش ظاهر می شود. وی خود محبوس در ایدئولوژی ساختاری و مدام در در حال "فراخوانده شدن" است و آثارش هر چند به ظاهر مستقل از عاقبت و سرنوشت خویش، اما به یمن بستر روایت گونه این دوگانگی را نشان می دهند.
علمی - پژوهشی
Alireza Meshkin Mehr; Mehdi Purmohammad; Musa Nushi; Mahmoud Talkhabi
Abstract
The approach of most studies examining the effect of applying brain-based learning principles in education has been to implement them in the design of the teaching content and the environment in general. Given the fact that these principles are derived from the structure and function of the human brain, ...
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The approach of most studies examining the effect of applying brain-based learning principles in education has been to implement them in the design of the teaching content and the environment in general. Given the fact that these principles are derived from the structure and function of the human brain, their individual or collective application is expected lead to tangible results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two of those principles, namely the application of different sensory inputs to a learner during the learning process and the brain is social, on the learning and retention of vocabulary of 60 of EFL leaners at an English language institute. The effect of the application of these two principles combined was also investigated in this study. This experiment employed a pre-test, post-test design using a control group and three experimental groups. Two post-tests, immediate and delayed, were administered. In order to verify the results, all the steps were repeated three times. The results indicated better performance by learners in all the three experimental conditions compared to the control condition. However, no significant difference was reported between the experimental conditions. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the results of the immediate post-tests of neither of the four groups, meaning that the traditional and experimental methods produced similar learning immediately after the treatment.
علمی - پژوهشی
Sohrab Tavousi; shohreh chavoshian
Abstract
Abstract Environment and its problems is the subject of study for many contemporary thinkers. Indeed, an environmental study is a field where humane and natural sciences, in the shape of man and nature, are combined. Ecocriticism is a branch of literary criticism which deals with the relationship between ...
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Abstract Environment and its problems is the subject of study for many contemporary thinkers. Indeed, an environmental study is a field where humane and natural sciences, in the shape of man and nature, are combined. Ecocriticism is a branch of literary criticism which deals with the relationship between literary work and its natural surroundings. One of the most important branches of ecocriticism is deep ecology. In deep ecology, the equality between human and nonhuman animals is of vital importance. In this regard, the research in hand, focusing on Vladimir Nabokov’s Pnin, has criticized this novel based on ecocriticism and particularly deep ecology. This article shows how Nabokov has selected a structure based on a character whose most distinguished attachment is to a squirrel. Pnin, the protagonist of the story, is an exiled Russian professor of an American university and the only living creature that comes to his life now and then is a squirrel. The presence of squirrel is so recurring and significant that it tacitly represents the author’s special purpose in making such vicinity. Beside similarities between the main character of the novel and the squirrel, the novel in general has a similar structure to the shape and life of the animal. In this article, first the theoretical framework of the study including ecocriticism and deep ecology are defined, then squirrel’s life style, in city and in jungle, are depicted scientifically. The last part of the study includes the analysis of the researcher on the novel to investigate the complicated structural, as well as characterization, similarities between Pnin and squirrel. The article comes to the ultimate conclusion that Pnin is an example of Nabokov’s respect to nature and the equality, he believed, between human and animal which is also seen in his letters and interviews. This is similar to the principle deep ecology penned down during the same years Nabokov was handling Pnin.
علمی - پژوهشی
Alireza Farahbakhsh; Rezvaneh Ranjbar Sheykhani
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the different effects of the concept of the subaltern in the major characters of Lahiri’s The Namesake in terms of Gayatri Spivak and Homi Bhabha’s theories. One of the important and central issues in cultural studies and postcolonial literature, which has ...
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This article aims to investigate the different effects of the concept of the subaltern in the major characters of Lahiri’s The Namesake in terms of Gayatri Spivak and Homi Bhabha’s theories. One of the important and central issues in cultural studies and postcolonial literature, which has received much attention in the recent decades, is the notion of the subaltern. The central questions of the article are: Can the components associated with the concept of the subaltern be traced in The Namesake? How do the main characters react to their portrayal as ‘the other’ and ‘the inferior’? Do they manage to ‘speak’ and construct an identity that negates ‘otherness’ and ‘inferiority’? To answer the questions, manifestations of the concept of the subaltern are analyzed in the demeanor, identity and social interactions of Ashima (the main character of the first generation) and Gogol (the main character of the second generation). Ashima and Gogol’s conscious and unconscious strategies for liberation from subalternity and creation of a socially equal identity are also explored. The article shows that in The Namesake, immigration affects not only the identity of the first generation immigrants but also the identity of their children. Subalternity is discernible in Ashima’s arranged marriage, her sheer dependence on her family and husband, pregnancy, immigration and also in Gogol’s name and his relationships with white Americans. Ashima, who initially rejects the Western culture, gradually comes to appreciate it and adapt herself to it. Also, Gogol who always shunned his true identity and cultural roots, in time takes interest in Indian culture. The article also indicates that hybrid and ambivalent identities create a voice for subalterns and give them a sense of power and belonging, so much so that they become ‘the self’ (in contrast with ‘the other’) in the new cultural context.
علمی - پژوهشی
Morteza Lak
Abstract
The English Renaissance era has always been acknowledged as a unique arena for literary creativity in the periods that followed it. From the 45-year reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) to the end of King James’s monarchy, 1603-1625, English culture, art and literature experienced a range of ...
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The English Renaissance era has always been acknowledged as a unique arena for literary creativity in the periods that followed it. From the 45-year reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) to the end of King James’s monarchy, 1603-1625, English culture, art and literature experienced a range of brilliant, progressive changes that culminated in the appearing of leading figures as William Shakespeare, John Webster, Thomas Middleton, John Fletcher, Christopher Marlowe and Thomas Kyd in drama, and Edmund Spenser, Sir Philip Sidney, Ben Jonson, among others, in poetry. These figures more or less enjoyed resonance in their 18th and 19th-century ancestors’ literary productions, nevertheless, Shakespeare’s influence was more extensive. William Wordsworth was a poet who benefited widely from Shakespeare’s style and dramatic poetics. Wordsworth, in the course of his literary career, produced only one play in which a variety of Shakespearean aesthetics and textual techniques can be traced. The current research employs a contrastive approach to examine the role of Shakespeare in Wordsworth’s authorial consciousness of writing his play The Borderers.
علمی - پژوهشی
Hoda Shabrang
Abstract
Immigration experience is always accompanied by tension and conflict. In other words, the immigrant is always under a double paradoxical command. The host asks the immigrant to assimilate into its culture, yet simultaneously it orders him to keep a distance which results in the “paradox of assimilation ...
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Immigration experience is always accompanied by tension and conflict. In other words, the immigrant is always under a double paradoxical command. The host asks the immigrant to assimilate into its culture, yet simultaneously it orders him to keep a distance which results in the “paradox of assimilation and difference”. Therefore, the immigrant will be in an impossible situation: on the one hand he has to actively participate in the assimilation process; on the other hand, he should keep his distance from the host culture. The Immigrant artist is not allowed to create a kind of art which is completely related to his culture because it is not readable and understandable in the host country, neither is he allowed to create some kind of art which is completely related to the host culture since that place is reserved for the artists of the host country. In this article, first the “paradox of assimilation and difference” and its consequences will be discussed, then the movie A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night by Ana Lily Amirpour, who is an immigrant Iranian-American director, will be analyzed. The aim is to show how her shattered identity as an immigrant artist is represented in her art. Although this impossible situation seems very painful at first glance, it is beneficial for the immigrant artist. In this hybridized space, she creates a kind of art which is innovative and unique, because she is not completely preoccupied with the hollywoodian clichés imposed by the host culture.
علمی - پژوهشی
Nader Haghani; Elnaz Ghodousi Shahneshin
Abstract
The study of the documents and documentation related to language policy in the public and higher education system of the country can provide an appropriate context for understanding the factors and reasons for the trend of the educational system in languages or foreign languages, and the objectives of ...
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The study of the documents and documentation related to language policy in the public and higher education system of the country can provide an appropriate context for understanding the factors and reasons for the trend of the educational system in languages or foreign languages, and the objectives of these policies for the program. This paper studied the official documents of foreign language education at the public and supreme levels of Iran with using Hornberger’s integrative framework to outline the specifications of language policy and planning in the educational system. The results of this study indicates the absence of a theoretical basis for foreign language policy and planning, and there is no specific executive program for the purposes specified in the foreign language documentation of the country.
علمی - پژوهشی
Jalal Farzaneh Dehkordi
Abstract
Howard Barker’s theatre of catastrophe depicts subjects in violent crisis from which they can hardly escape. Such crises which generally happen in socio-political transformations of power enforce the subjects to subjectivise themselves. Accordingly, a socio-political crisis is seen in his Victory. ...
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Howard Barker’s theatre of catastrophe depicts subjects in violent crisis from which they can hardly escape. Such crises which generally happen in socio-political transformations of power enforce the subjects to subjectivise themselves. Accordingly, a socio-political crisis is seen in his Victory. The catastrophic transformation of power from Cromwell’s puritan administration to Charles II’s government compels the play’s characters to enter the process of self-fashioning. Such subjectivization of self can be analyzed by two Fouacauldian concepts about power: “co-extensiveness of power and resistance” and “assujettissement”. The researcher, then, tries to apply these theoretical frameworks to Victory. This study, at last, shows that the mentioned framework and the characters’ strategies of resistance in Victory are concordant.