Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Author

IAU. Central Tehran Branch

Abstract

Ethics has undergone huge changes in postmodernism as many playwrights of the era have tried to capture the deep interconnection between language and subjectivity. The present essay is an attempt to unravel the new ethical dicta set forth on the American and British stage from the 1960s to 1980s. The critical framework for this study relies on Giorgio Agamben’s thought and philosophical oeuvre. Agamben’s ethical renovations happen at the close proximity of language, ontology, and politics. He firmly asserts that experiencing the matter and being of language can be considered as an ethical act that questions cultural clichés imposed by power. Postmodern theater has witnessed an unprecedented shift in the role of language; it has forced the audience to venture the theatrical experience in order to be at the margins of communication and speech. This process can be deemed as ethical from Agamben’s point of view as it entices the viewers to see beyond and through the capitalist and ideological workings. Through such a limit experience, theater can find its true stance as a site for communality. The ultimate purpose of this study is to put forward the mechanisms through which performance can become an ethical gesture by installing the awareness of the fact that liminality of language can in itself be a new form of subjectivity.   

Keywords

  1. Agamben, Giorgio.The Coming Community.Trans. Michael Hardt. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1993a.
  2. ---.Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Trans. Daniel Heller Roazen. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998.
  3. ---. Idea of Prose.Trans. Michael Sullivan and Sam Whitsitt.Albany State University of New York Press, 1995.
  4. ---. Infancy and History: The Destruction of Experience. Trans. Liz Heron. London and New York: Verso, 1993b.
  5. ---. The Man without Content.Trans. Georgia Albert. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999.
  6. ---. Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and Archive. Homo Sacer III.Trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen. New York: Zone, 2002.
  7. ---. Stanzas: Word and Phantasm in Western Culture. Trans. Ronald L. Martinez. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1992.
  8. ---.State of Exception.Trans. Kevin Attell. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
  9. Clemens, Justin, Nicholas Heron and Alex Murray. Eds. The Work of Giorgio Agamben: Law, Literature, Life. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008.
  10. Durantaye, Leland de la.Giorgio Agamben: A Critical Introduction. California: Stanford University Press, 2009.
  11. Innes, Christopher. Modern British Drama: The Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  12. King, Kimball. Ed. Modern Dramatists. New York: Routledge, 2001.
  13. Mamet, David. American Buffalo. New York: Grove Press, 1976.
  14. Mills, Catherine. The Philosophy of Agamben. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2008.
  15. Pinter, Harold. The Homecoming.New York: Grove Press, 1967.
  16. Shepard, Sam. True West. New York: Samuel French, 1981.
  17. Wade, Leslie A. “Sam Shepard and the American Sunset: Enchantment of the Mythic West.” A Companion to Twentieth Century American Drama.Ed. David Krasner. Maryland: Blackwell, 2005. 285-300.
  18. Wellwarth, George E. “The Dumb Waiter, The Collection, The Lover, and The Homecoming: A Revisionist Approach.” Pinter At 70: A Bookcase. Ed. Lois Gordon.New York and London: Routledge, 2001.95-108.