Analysis of Genitive and Attributive Collocations in Russian and Persian Languages in Order to Determine the Necessity of Teaching them

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch

2 Russian Language Group, Faculty of Foreign Languages in Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch

Abstract

Introduction
In the paper collocations are introduced and their significance in teaching foreign languages is discussed. During the last decades there has been a growing attention to word combination and its significance in teaching foreign languages. Word combinations, of course, include free word combinations, fixed word combinations and even idioms. But collocations are different from all other forms of word combinations. In spite of this fact collocations are mostly ignored in the text books of Russian language in Iran.
Background of the Study
In Russia word combinations in Russian language were in the center of attention from 19th century. But the first famous linguist who determined so called “complex word combinations” was Filip Fortunatov. He used this term to differ this kind of word combinations from complex words. But the word “collocations” for the first time was introduced in A Dictionary of Linguistic terms by O. Akhmanova in 1966. Then collocations were fully discussed in a small, but comprehensive book by E. Borisova in 1995. From then Borisova’s book has been the main source in all discussions about colocations. In Iran M. Bateni was the first linguist who tried to describe the meaning and function of collocations in Persian language. After several decades also by him the first dictionary of English and Persian colocations was written. In their article Valipour and Rahbari discussed the verbal Russian colocations. They demonstrated that in Iran not much effort has been made to study collocations in order to use them in teaching Russian language.
Methodology
In this corpus-based study the syntactic and lexical-semantic patterns were used to determine syntactic structures used in Russian attributive and genitive collocations and in their Persian equivalents. The research carried on by using a corpus containing approximately 400 Russian collocations, which have either attributive (Adj. + N.) or genitive (N. + N.) structures. Some famous and common classifications of collocations are analyzed. As the result of the analysis the classification, in which collocations are classified from the syntactic point of view into two groups a) verbal collocations and b) nominal (attributive and genitive) collocations, is proposed as the more proper one in teaching foreign languages. The main question of the research is that how much synonymous Persian and Russian collocations coincide and in which degree it is necessary to include collocations into the programs of teaching Russian to Iranian students. The structural (syntactic) and lexical-semantic features of collocations are discussed and it is demonstrated that from both structure and lexical-semantic points of view which correlation is there between Russian and Persian collocations. The obtained correlation shows that while attributive collocations dominate in Russian collocations, but their Persian equivalents mainly have genitive structure. On the other hand, lexical-semantic analysis proved that there is a little concordance between Russian and Persian collocations. The amount of non-concord pairs of Russian and Persian collocations was highly more than concord ones.
Conclusion
The practical conclusion of the article is showing necessity of including the collocations as a separate subject in Russian language curriculum. The authors also proposed that the subject should lead to develop 3 following skills among students: 1) the skill of recognizing collocations (fixed word combinations); 2) the skill of recognizing the agreement (concordance) or disagreement (non-concordance) of Russian collocations with their Persian equivalents: 3) the skill of changing the structure of colocations (from genitive to attributive, while translating from Persian into Russian and from attributive to genitive, while translating from Russian into Persian), where this is necessary.

Keywords

References

Akhmanova, O. S. A Dictionary of Linguistic Terms. Moscow: Soviet encyclopedia, 1966.
Akhmanova, O. S. Drazdauskas, A. A., Drazdauskene, L. A., and others. Syntax as a Dialectic Unit in Colligating and Collocations. Moscow: Moscow University Publication, 1969.
Arkhangel’ski, V. L. The Fixed Phrases in Contemporary Russian Language. Rostov-on-Don: RHU, 1964.
Arutounova, N. D. The Sentence and its Meaning: Logical-Semantic Problems. Moscow: Science, AN USSR Int. Linguistic, 1976.
Balgina, N. S, Rozental, D. E., Fomina, M. I. The Contemporary Russian Language. Moscow: Golos, 2006.
Baranov, A. N., Dobrovolski D. O. The Aspects of the Theory of Phraseology. Moscow: Cultures of Slavic Languages, 2013.
Bateni, M. A Description of Persian Grammatical Structure. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publication, 1969 [1998].
Bateni, M., Razavi, S. and Others. Puya Dictionary of Collocations. Tehran: Farhang-e Moaser, 2009.
Bialek, E. Collocations as Units of Translation. Cuadernos de Rusistica Espanola. 1 (2004) 223-131.
Borisova, E. G. Collocations. What are They and How to Study Them. Moscow: Philology, 1995.
Brown, H. Douglas. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Pearson Education, 2007.
Chernishyova, I. I. Phraseology of Contemporary German Language. Moscow; Vysshaya Shkola, 1972.
Denisov, P. N., Morkovkin, V. V. A Dictionary of Compatibility of Words in Russian Language. Moscow: Artel. Ast, 2002.
Fortunatov, F. F. The Selected Writings. Moscow: Ministry of Education RSFSR, 1956.
Herris, Z. S. Co-occurrence and Transformation in Linguistic Structure. New in Linguistic. Moscow: 2 (1962) 528-636.
Iordanskaya, L. N., Melchuk, I. A. The Meaning and Compatibility in Word. Moscow: Cultures of Slavic Languages, 2007.
Ivannikova, E. A. On the Main Sign of Phraseological Units. The Problems of Phraseology. Materials and Researches. Moscow- Leningrad: Science, 1964.
Khazaeifar, A. Collocations. Motarjem Scientific- Cultural Quarterly, 2nd. Y. 6 (1992) 19-25.
 Korshunova, A. V. The Concept of “Occasional Collocation” and its Features. Language, Communication, Culture. Moscow: Pushkin, 2018.
Kunin, A. V. English Phraseology. Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola, 1970.
Mel’chuk, I. A. An Experience in the Theory of Linguistic Models Meaning – Text. Moscow: School of Russian Culture Languages, 1999.
Mollanazar, H. The Role of Collocation in Translation, (Unpublished M. A. Thesis), Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University, 1990.
Molotkov, A. I. Fixed Word Combinations in Russian Language and the Principles of their Lexicographic Description. The Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Language. Moscow: Soviet encyclopedia, 1967.
Panahi, S. The Process of Collocating and Collocations in Persian Language. Nameh Farhangestan, 5th. Y. 3 (2002) 199-211.
Rahbari, M., Valipour, A. A Comparative Study of the Methods for Translating Russian Verbal-Nominal Fixed Word Combinations in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language to Iranian Students. Vestnik YOUrHU. Linguistic Series, 11(1) (2013) 40-44.
Shansky, N. M. Lexicology of Contemporary Russian Language. Moscow: Education, 1972.
Shodjaei M. Some Features of Teaching Russian-Persian Translation. Didactics of Translation: The Materials of the Scientific Conference. Moscow, 21 May 2010, Pushkin Institute of Russian Language, 2010.
Shodjaei, M. Teaching Translation from Russian for Iranian Students: Eight Practical Rules. The Worlds of Literary Translation. IV International Congress of Literary Translators. Moscow, 8-10 September 2016. Moscow: (2018) 373-378.
Shodjaei, M. Translating Collocations in the Literary Texts: Actual Problems (On the Basis of Collocations in the Play “Gull” by A. P. Chekhov). Collection of Lectures of the Members of V International Congress of Literary Translators. Moscow: Translation Institute, (2020) 327-330.
Teliya, V. N. A Linguistic Phraseological Dictionary. Moscow: Soviet encyclopedia, 1990.
Ter-Minasova, S. G. Language and Intercultural Communication: A Text Book. Moscow: Slovo, 2000.
Ubin, I. I. Dictionary of Russian and English Intensifiers. Moscow: Russian language, 1987.
Valipour, A., Rahbari, M. A Study of Verbal-Nominal Collocations in Russian Language in Comparison with Persian Language. Linguistic Research in Foreign Languages, 3(2) (2013) 187-200.
Vinogradov, V. V. Russian Language. The Grammatical Doctrine about Word. Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola, 1972.
Vlavatskaya, M. V. Computational Dictionary as the Means of Teaching Syntagmatic Relations in Words. The Materials of Intercollegiate Scientific- Methodic Conference “Foreign Languages in Higher Schools: Reality and Future”. Novosibirsk: NGAVT Publication, 2005.
Vlavatskaya, M. V. Typology of Collocations in Combinatorial Linguistics. The World of Science, Culture, Education. 4 (2019) 439-442.
Zhukov, V. P. Interrelation of Phraseological Units and their Components with the Words Used in Free Usage. Scientific Lectures in The Higher School. Philological Sciences, 3 (1962) 82-93.
Zhukov, V. P. On the Immeasurability of the Components of Compound Word with Simple Word. Russian Language in School. 3 (1969) 97-104.
Critical Language and Literary studies
Volume 19, Issue 29
March 2023
Pages 199-226

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics