This study is an attempt to scrutinize Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam trilogy with regard to Levinas’s ethics which includes the other, subjectivity, trauma, and responsibility. A bond is formed between Atwood’s apocalyptic world and ethics to demonstrate how and to what extent the characters in the novels are the Levinasian responsible subjects. The survivors are suffering from the disturbance in the chronology of time; that is despite their presence in the present time, the past revives. The coincidence of the past and present with an unknown future dangles like a pendulum in the characters’ mind. Responsibility for the survivors revives their childhood which is replete with parents’ irresponsibility. Their childhood memories are tied with the role of father and mother which can be explored in light of Levinas’s ‘feminine alterity,’ ‘paternity’ and ‘father and son’ relation. In this study it is also revealed to what extent paternity and maternity in the role of feminine alterity creates apocalypse and new generation and establishes the ethical relation.
اُلیور، کِلی. سوبژکتیویته بدون سوژهها. ترجمهی زهره اکسیری و پویا غلامی. تهران: گل آذین، 1395.
علیا، مسعود. کشف دیگری همراه با لویناس. تهران: نشر نی، 1388.
کریچلی، سایمون. لویناس و سوبژکتیویتهی پساواسازانه. ترجمهی مهدی پارسا و سحر دریاب.تهران: رخداد نو، 1391.
لویناس، امانوئل. از وجود به موجود. ترجمهی مسعود علیا. تهران: ققنوس، 1392.
---. زمان و دیگری. ترجمهی مریم حیاط شاهی. تهران: شرکت نشر نقد افکار،1391.
Atwood, Margaret. Oryx and Crake. New York: Anchor Books, 2003.
---. MaddAddam. New York: Anchor Books, 2014.
---. The Year of the Flood. New York: Vintage Canada, 2010.
Chowdhury, Aniruddha. Post-deconstructive Subjectivity and History: Phenomenology, Critical Theory, and Postcolonial Thought. Leiden: BRILL Publishers, 2013.
Critchley, Simon & Bernasconi, Robert. (Eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Levinas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Deroo, Neal. "Re-Constituting Phenomenology: Continuity in Levinas’s Account of Time and Ethics." Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review, 49.2 (2010): 223-243. Print.
Guenther, Lisa. The Gift of the Other Levinas and the Politics of Reproduction. New York: State University of New York Press, 2006.
Katz, Claire Elis. Levinas, Judaism, and the Feminine: The Silent Footsteps of Rebecca. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.
Kosky, L. Jeffrey. Levinas and the Philosophy of Religion. Bloomington: Indian University Press, 2001.
Morgan, L. Michael. The Cambridge Introduction to Emmanuel Levinas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Levinas, Emmanuel. Difficult Freedom: Essays on Judaism. Trans. Sean Hand. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.
---. Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence. Trans. Alphonso Lingis. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
---. Totality and Infinity, an Essay On Exteriority. Trans. Alphonso Lingis. London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1979.
Libertson, Joseph. Proximity Levinas, Blonchot, Bataille and Communication. Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
Llewelyn, John. Emmanuel Levinas, The genealogy of ethics. London: Routledge, 1995.
Mayama, Alain. Emmanuel Levinas’ Conceptual Affinities with Libration Theology. Pieterlen & Bern: Peter Lang, 2010.
Moses, Stephane. "Emmanuel Levinas: ethics as primary meaning." Emmanuel Levinas, Critical Assessment of Leading Philosophers. (Vol. 1). Eds. Claire Elise Katz & Lara Trout. London: Routledge, 2005. 326-336. Print.
Saracino, Michele. On Being Human: A Conversation with Lonergan and Levinas. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1971.
Schott, Robin May. Birth, Death, and Femininity: Philosophies of Embodiment. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.
Stabler, Tanja. "Getting Under the Skin: Platonic Myths in Levinas." Levinas and the Ancients. Eds. Brian Schroeder & Silvia Benso. Bloomington: Indian University Press, 2008. 62-78. Print.
Tritton, Tyler. "The Body as Proffer, an Involuntary ‘Here I Am!.’" PARRHESIA Journal, 20.1 (2014): 102-115. Print.
منفرد سعید, ., & بزدوده, . (2017). Atwood’s Pre and Post-Apocalyptic World: Manifestation of the Levinasian Subject in the Realm of the Other. Critical Language and Literary studies, 14(18), 235-259.
MLA
نگار منفرد سعید; زکریا بزدوده. "Atwood’s Pre and Post-Apocalyptic World: Manifestation of the Levinasian Subject in the Realm of the Other", Critical Language and Literary studies, 14, 18, 2017, 235-259.
HARVARD
منفرد سعید, ., بزدوده, . (2017). 'Atwood’s Pre and Post-Apocalyptic World: Manifestation of the Levinasian Subject in the Realm of the Other', Critical Language and Literary studies, 14(18), pp. 235-259.
VANCOUVER
منفرد سعید, ., بزدوده, . Atwood’s Pre and Post-Apocalyptic World: Manifestation of the Levinasian Subject in the Realm of the Other. Critical Language and Literary studies, 2017; 14(18): 235-259.