Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی
Authors
1 Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch
2 ShahidBeheshti University
Abstract
This article attempts to analyze the concept of identity in some of Donald Barthelme’s short stories. In order to get to this objective, Louis Althusser’s views of ISAs (Ideological State Apparatuses), interpellation and ideology have been utilized in displaying their impact on shaping one’s identity. Identity works as ideology does and through the ISAs like family, religion, politics, educational systems and media, it is formed and constructed. The impact of media, education and army that form the system of values and ideas, are depicted in Barthelme’s short stories. The present study, first introduces Donald Barthelme, then various views on identity are discussed. Later, Althusser’s views on the concept of ideology are introduced and lastly, the analysis of Barthelme’s short stories provides the influence of ideology in the formation of one’s identity as a subject. This study concentrates on various forms of authority that prevail the society through the dominant ideology and then the construction of identity under these conditions is discussed.
Keywords
- Althusser, Louis. For Marx, trans. B. Brewster, London and New York: Verso, 1969.
- Althusser, Louis. âIdeology and Ideological State Apparatuses.â In Literary Theory: An Anthology. eds. Rivkin, Julie and Michael Ryan. Maiden: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
- Althusser, Louis. Lenin and Philosophy, and Other Essays. trans. B. Brewster. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1971.
- Barthelme, Donald. Forty Stories. London: Penguin Books, 2005.
- Barthelme, Donald. Sixty Stories. London: Penguin Books, 2003.
- Caliendo, Stephen M., and Charlton D. McIlwain, ed. The Routledge Companion to Race and Ethnicity. London: Routledge, 2011.
- Ferretter, Luke. Louis Althusser. London: Routledge, 2006.
- Gordon, Lois. Donald Barthelme. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1981.
- Hawkes, David. Ideology. London: Routledge, 2004.
- Malpas, Simon, and Paul Wake. The Routledge Companion to Critical Theory. NewYork: Routledge, 2006.
- McCaffery, Larry. âMeaning and Non-Meaning in Barthelme's Fictionsâ. Journal of Aesthetic Education,
- Vol. 13, No. 1 (Jan., 1979): 69-79.
- Molesworth, Charles. Donald Barthelme's Fiction: The Ironist Saved from Drowning. Columbia:
- University of Missouri Press, 1982.
- Parker, Robert Dale. How to Interpret Literature: Critical Theory for Literary and Cultural Studies. Oxford: Oxford university Press, 2015.
- Patteson, Richard F..Critical Essays on Donald Barthelme. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1992.
- Ryan, Michael. Cultural Studies: A Practical Introduction. West Sussex: Wiley- Blackwell, 2010.
- Stengel, Wayne B..The Shape of Art in the Short Stories of Donald Barthelme. BatonRouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985.
- Webster, Roger. Studying Literary Theory: An Introduction. New York: Edward Arnold, 1993.
)