Psychological reading of Fear, by Gabriel Chevalier, based on Freud's theory of Eros and Thanatos

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, University of Tehran, French Department

2 PhD Candidate,French Department, University of Tehran

10.48308/clls.2025.239451.1349

Abstract

Gabriel Chevallier's novel Fear is a significant work in the realm of war literature, focusing deeply on the psychological aspects of humans, particularly in relation to their confrontation with death and the resulting anxieties. This study, grounded in Freud's theories of Eros and Thanatos and using a descriptive-analytical approach, explores how the life instinct (Eros) and the destructive drive of death (Thanatos) are intricately woven throughout the narrative, resulting in intense internal conflicts and profound transformations within the protagonist's character. At the outset of the war, the novel presents an atmosphere that initially glorifies heroism and courage, yet as the conflict unfolds, death-wishing sentiments arise. These sentiments reflect both societal and ideological pressures, illustrating how the home front rationalizes war while creating a sense of duty and patriotism among those who are not directly involved in the conflict. The protagonist's journey reveals the tension between the external glorification of war and the horrific internal reality of the soldier's experience. Alongside the grim realities of war, the protagonist's desire to survive and his search for meaning amidst the battlefield reflect the dynamic, hopeful force of Eros, which stands in opposition to the forces of Thanatos, the drive toward destruction and death. Chevallier's narrative and character development provide a deeper understanding of how violence and death coexist in the protagonist's world, serving as both destructive forces and catalysts for personal growth. As the protagonist faces the harrowing challenges of war, the internal battle between Eros and Thanatos becomes a central theme, highlighting the struggle for life, creativity, and human connection amidst the overwhelming forces of destruction. The novel reveals the complex and multifaceted nature of the soldier's psyche, as he grapples with feelings of fear, hope, and the relentless quest for meaning in a world ravaged by war.The findings of this study suggest that Fear not only exposes the individual's suffering and helplessness during war but also emphasizes the enduring power of life, hope, and human connections. Through its portrayal of the psychological and emotional turmoil of a battle-hardened soldier, the novel offers a nuanced and multi-layered exploration of the human condition in times of extreme adversity, ultimately showing that even in the darkest moments, the search for meaning and the will to live can persist.

Keywords

References

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Critical Language and Literary studies

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 13 July 2025

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