Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی
Authors
1 PhD student
2 Retired member of SBU English department
Abstract
Defining female subjectivity has always been a challenge, from its modern conception by Sigmund Freud to its most recent analysis by contemporary feminist critics. Basing female subjectivity on an inherent lack in the psychology of Freud and later Jacques Lacan, promoted feminist critics like Luce Irigaray and Judith Butler to reinstate the concept in their theories. For Irigaray, females have their own unique subjectivity that is manifested in the difference of their bodies and language from those of males. She contends that this difference should be revealed not bridged or concealed. Judith Butler, believes that it is only through resistance and agency that a true subjectivity is revealed. The present article is a feminist study of women subjectivity in speculative literature. Feminist speculative literature has its primary goal in altering women’s debilitating self-image so that they can act upon such changes and make ideal societies based upon their new self-conceptions. Octavia E. Butler, writer of Dawn and Parable of the Sower and Parable of the Talents, renders a resistant picture of females who go beyond their immediate male dominated environment and perform something that is near to Irigaray and Judith Butler’s conception of female subjectivity.
Keywords
-Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge: New York and London, 1999. http://libgen.lc/item/index.php?md5=674928D8D1C38523ADD8ACB7A7E63F9E
___. Senses of the Subject. Fordham University Press: New York, 2015. http://libgen.lc/item/index.php?md5=2BC38546543776A5AC159E0E9EAB57DA
Butler. Octavia. E. Parable of the Sower. Open Road: Integrated Media: New York. http://libgen.lc/item/index.php?md5=FF07634110639C9F10898A4143D17D72
___. Parable of the Talents. Open Road: Integrated Media: New York. www.theportalist.com
___. Lilith’s Brood. Grand Central Publishing Hachette Book Group USA, New York, 2000. http://libgen.lc/ads.php?md5=c41868b271746a51ae81fb07fd2c34e1
-Chavoshian. Shohre. Soheil, Kian. “Performativity and the Subversion of Constructed Identity: The Representation of Female Identity and Subjectivity in Old Times”. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Foreign Language and Literature Criticism, Year 6, Issue 12 (Spring and Summer 2014). Pp 63-99.
-Darzinejad. Baradaran, Jamili, Leila. “The performative Subjectivity of Muslim Women in the Diasporic Discourse of Leila Aboulela” Bi-Quarterly Journal of Foreign Language and Literature Criticism, Year 7. No. 14 (Spring and Summer 2015) pp 59-85.
-Freud, Sigmund. Complete Writings. Ivan Smith, ed. 2010. https://www.valas.fr/IMG/pdf/Freud_Complete_Works.pdf
- Haraway, Donna. A Cyborg Manifesto. Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism
in the Late Twentieth Century. New York: Routledge, 1991. http://libgen.lc/item/index.php? md5=14B512B232FDEF31FB37A7E0D70B3B7E
-Irigaray, Luce. This Sex Which Is Not One. Tr. Catherine Porter & Caroline Burke. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press,1985. http://libgen.lc/item/index.php?md5=8AC5FE94AE83EB1162B4203EE1565583
-Jacobs, Naomi. “Posthuman Bodies and Agency in Octavia Butler’s Xenogenesis.” New York: Routledge, (2003): 91–111.
-Khodayari, Mehdizade, Shabnam. Amirali Nojoumian. “Performativity and its Discursive Reflection in the Narration of “The Man” by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi”. Bi-monthly scientific-research journals of language research. June and July (1399):151-175.
-Nanda, Aparajita. “Power, Politics, and Domestic Desire in Octavia Butler’s Lilith’s Brood” Callaloo, Volume 36 issue 3 (2013): 773-788.
-Nilges, Mathias. “We Need the Stars- Change, Community, and the Absent Father in Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower and Parable of the Talents” Callaloo Volume 32 issue 4 (2009): 1332-1352.
-Stone, Alison. Luce Irigaray and the Philosophy of Sexual Difference, 2006. http://libgen.lc/edition.php?id=136202473
-Zaki, Hoda M. “Utopia, Dystopia, and Ideology in the Science Fiction of Octavia Butler.” Science Fiction Studies, vol. 17, no. 2, (1990): 239–251.
JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4239994. Accessed 8 June 2021.
)