Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Author

PHD student in Persian language and literature at Shahid Beheshti University. Tehran. Iran

Abstract

Metamorphosis, the most prominent work of Kafka (1833 – 1924), is one of the most controversial contemporary stories in 20th century Europe. After its publication in 1915, the story was the subject of debate for critics, and it was discussed from many perspectives. It narrates an imaginary event occurring in social realities of the time, and it shows an industrial society as a result of political and social changes in Europe. An industrial society, besides its advantages, willy-nilly brought with it unpleasant consequences. The study, explores the social and economic condition of Europe in the early 20th century and explains Gunter Andres theory, attempts to show that huge insect in the story is a metaphor that on the one hand appeared in the story in its common sense and has all the characteristics of an insect. On the other hand, based on the textual evidence, it represents one of the issues of modern and recently industrialized society. It compares the metamorphosis of a human to an insect to the human condition in bourgeoisie society.

Keywords

  Ahmadi, Babak. Structure and interpretation of the text. Tehran: Markaz, 1993.
Barthes, Roland. “The answer to Kafka” The task of literature. Abolhasan Najafi, Tehran: Nilufar, 2010: 294-300.
Corngold, Stanley. “Kafka’s Metamorphosis, metamorphosis of Metaphor”.  Metamorphosis, Farzane Taheri, Tehran: Nilufar, 2016: 131 to150.
Deleuze, Gilles and Felix Guattari. Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature. Shapur Behyan. Tehran: Mahi, 2012.
Epstein, joseph. “Have we overestimated Kafka?” Azma. No. 101 (Winter & Spring 2013-2014): 34-36.
Ghaffari fard, Abbasgholi. The History of Europe from the Begining to the End of twentieth Century. Tehran: Ettelaat, 2015.
Hobsbawm, E. J. The Age of Capital. Ali Akbar Mahdian. Tehran: Ma. .1995
Holland, N. “Realism and unrealism kafka’s Metamorphosis”. Modern Fiction studies, Vol. 4, No. 2, (1985):  143 to 150.
Janouch, Gustav. Conversation with Kafka. Faramarz Behzad. Tehran: Kharazmi. 1973.
Kafka, Franz and Vladimir Nobokov. Metamorphosis and discussion about Metamorphosis. Tehran: Nilufar, 2006.
Kozlov, G. A. The Political economy of capitalism. F. Majidi. Tehran: Maziar.1983.
Meghdadi, Bahram. “An analysis of Kafka’s Metamorphosis” Negin. No. 139, (1976): 48_46
Safavi, Kurosh. Metaphor. Tehran: Elmi, 2019.
Santner, Eric. “Kafka’s Metamorphosis and the explanation of abjection”. Metamorphosis, Farzane Taheri, Tehran: Nilufar, 2016: 315 to 340.
Sartre, Jean-Paul. Realism in Art and Literature. Hushang Taheri. Tehran: Payam, 1970.
Shafiei Kadkani, Mohamad reza. Imaginary images in Persian Poetry. Tehran: Agah, 1999.
Sokel, Walter Herbert. “a Chapter from the book of Franz Kafka” Negin, No 109 (1974): 42-45.
 Strathern, Paul. Introduction to Kafka. Ehsan Noruzi. Tehran: Markaz, 2008.
Wagenbach, Klaus. Franz Kafka. Mohamad Hemati. Tehran: Parse. 2012.