طراحی و ارزیابی ساختار عاملی: روشی برای سنجش طرحواره در درک مطلب خواندن

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Authors

1 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 Shahid Beheshti University

Abstract

قاطبه ی نظریه پردازان بر این مهم اتفاق نظر دارند که درک مطلب یکی از مهمترین مهارت های زبانی چه در زبان اول وچه در زبان دوم می باشد. یکی از عوامل دخیل در درک مطلب و داشتن خوانش و قرائت مختلف از متون، درکنار عوامل زبانی همچون گرامر و لغت، طرحواره یا اسکیما می باشد. آنچه در پژوهش حاضر بررسی میشود ارائه ی نتایج اعتبار سنجی روشی برای سنجش طرحواره به همراه مروری بر پیشینه ی تاریخی آن معطوف روانشناسی شناختی و فلسفه می باشد. در این راستا، پس از بررسی پیشینه ی مربوطه، سی و چهار مولفه ی اولیه غربال شدند. متخصصان مرتبط با طرحواره و زبان دوم و شناخت تجشم یافته ، بیست و هشت آیتم برای محک در بوته ی آزمایش جهت سنجش بار عاملی را تایید کردند . به منظور تعیین روایی عاملی از روش آماری تحلییلی عاملی اکتشافی و سپس تأییدی و به منظور بررسی همسانی درونی از ضرایب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. نتایج بدست آمده روشی دو عاملی (طرحواره ی محتوایی و طرحواره فرمال ) را نمایان کرد. درپایان ، نتایج بدست آمده و پیامدها و فواید پژوهش حاضر مورد بررسی قرار می گیرند.

Keywords

References

  1. Alderson, J. Charles, and A. H. Urquhart. "This test is unfair: I’m not an economist." Interactive approaches to second language reading 168 (1988): 182.
  2. Alvermann, Donna E., Norman Unrau, and Robert B. Ruddell. Theoretical models and processes of reading. Vol. 978. No. 0-87712. International Reading Assoc., 2013.
  3. Anderson, Richard C. "Role of the reader’s schema in comprehension, learning, and memory." Learning to read in American schools: Basal readers and content texts 29 (1984): 243-257.
  4. Anderson, Richard C., and P. David Pearson. "A schema-theoretic view of basic processes in reading comprehension." Handbook of reading research 1 (1984): 255-291.
  5. Anderson, Richard C., et al. "Instantiation of general terms." Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 15.6 (1976): 667-679.
  6. Bartlett, Frederick C. Remembering. Cambridge "England: 1932.
  7. Carrell, Patricia L. "Some issues in studying the role of schemata, or background knowledge, in second language comprehension." Reading in a foreign language 1.2 (1983): 81-92.
  8. ---,"Content and formal schemata in ESL reading." TESOL quarterly 21.3 (1987): 461-481.
  9. ---," Evidence of a formal schema in second language comprehension."Language Learning 34 (2), 87-112.
  10. ---, "Content and formal schemata in ESL reading." TESOL quarterly 21.3 (1987): 461-481.
  11. ---. "Awareness of text structure: Effects on recall." Language learning 42.1 (1992): 1-18.
  12. Dörnyei, Zoltan, and Tatsuya Taguchi. Questionnaires in second language research: Construction, administration, and processing. Routledge, 2009.
  13. Dunteman, George H. Principal components analysis. No. 69. Sage, 1989.
  14. Ferris, Dana R. “Writing in a Second Language.” Teaching English to Second Language Learners in Academic Contexts (2018): 75–88. doi:10.4324/9781315626949-7.
  15. Field, Andy. "Regression, discovering statistics using SPSS." (2009): 197-263. London: Sage.
  16. Forouzani, Mohammad & Sokhanvar, J. Applying aesthetic transaction in reading literary text to improve reading comprehension in EFL context. Critical language & literary studies 3. 5 (2009): 129-149.
  17. Freedle, Roy O. "New Directions in Discourse Processing. Advances in Discourse Processes, Vol. 2." (1979).
  18. Guadagnoli, Edward, and Wayne F. Velicer. "Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns." Psychological bulletin 103.2 (1988): 265.
  19. Howitt, Denis. & Cramer, Duncan. An Introduction to Statistics in Psychology: A Complete Guide for Students, second (Eds). Prentice Hall, Hemel Hempstead, 2000.
  20. Javidanmehr, Zahra and Anani Sarab, Reza, M. Investigation of the prevalence and difficulty of reading comprehension subskills: Application of the D-GINA mode. Critical language & literary studies 14.19 (2017): 99-117.
  21. Johnson, Patricia. "Effects on reading comprehension of language complexity and cultural background of a text." TESOL quarterly 15.2 (1981): 169-181.
  22. McVee, Mary B., Kailonnie Dunsmore, and James R. Gavelek. "Schema theory revisited." Review of educational research75.4 (2005): 531-566.
  23. Mandler, Jean M., and Nancy S. Johnson. "On throwing out the baby with the bathwater: A reply to Black and Wilensky's evaluation of story grammars." Cognitive Science 4.3 (1980): 305-312.
  24. Kintsch, Walter. Comprehension: A paradigm for cognition. New York: Cambridge University
  25. Press, 1998.
  26. Marshall, Sandra. P. Schemas in problem solving. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
  27. McVee, Mary B., Kailonnie Dunsmore, and James R. Gavelek. "Schema theory revisited." Review of educational research75.4 (2005): 531-566.
  28. Minsky, Marvin. A. A framework for representing knowledge. In P. H. Wiston (Ed.),
  29. The psychology of computer vision, (1975): 211–277. New York: McGraw Hill.
  30. Nassaji, Hossein. "Issues in Second‐Language Reading: Implications for Acquisition and Instruction." Reading Research Quarterly 46.2 (2011): 173-184.
  31. Nevid, Jeffrey S. "Kant, cognitive psychotherapy, and the hardening of the categories." Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 80.4 (2007): 605-615.
  32. Netemeyer, Richard G., William O. Bearden, and Subhash Sharma. Scaling procedures: Issues and applications. Sage Publications, 2003.
  33. Oller Jr, John W. "Adding abstract to formal and content schemata: Results of recent work in Peircean semiotics." Applied linguistics 16.3 (1995): 273-306.
  34. Saito, Akiko. "Social origins of cognition: Bartlett, evolutionary perspective and embodied mind approach." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 26.4 (1996): 399-421..
  35. ---. Bartlett, culture and cognition. London: Psychology Press, 2000.
  36. Schank, R. C., and R. P. Abelson. "Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbau." (1977).
  37. Sharma, Subhash, Applied Multivariate Techniques. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1996.
  38. Shultz, Kenneth. S., Whitney, David. J., & Zickar, M. J. Measurement theory in action: Case studies and exercises. Routledge, 2013.
  39. Steffensen, Margaret S., Chitra Joag-Dev, and Richard C. Anderson. "A cross-cultural perspective on reading comprehension." Reading research quarterly (1979): 10-29.
  40. Swaffar, Janet K. "Readers, texts, and second languages: The interactive processes." The Modern Language Journal 72.2 (1988): 123-149.
Critical Language and Literary studies
Volume 16, Issue 23 - Serial Number 23
October 2020
Pages 119-140

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics