This study aims at investigating the production of space in Zero K (2016) in terms of Henri Lefebvre’s spatiology. Lefebvre conceptualized space as being comprised of three moments: the spatial practices, the representations of space and spaces of representation; on the one hand, and the conceived-the perceived-the lived, on the other hand. The analysis demonstrates that the characters create their own spaces individually or collectively, each in their own way. On a broader scale, the novel divides into two kinds of space: the abstract and the differential. But on a closer analysis, the character-narrator, on the one hand, uses a set of literary practices such as climax, anticlimax, register shifts, description, humor, iron, incongruity, word coinages and plays, and , on the other hand, everyday practices such as love, walking, bodily activities to defend himself against the rampant growth of the abstract space. In addition, the very act of novel writing could be taken as producing spaces of representation against the representations of space in the society. In the light of lefebvrean spatiology, some of the literary techniques could be redefined as space-producing ideological practices, too.
بودریار، ژان. "چگونه می‌توانی از روی سایه‌ات بپری وقتی دیگر سایه‌ای نداری؟" فصلنامه ارغنون، بهار وتابستان 1384، 26و27. مترجم، افشین جهاندیده. تهران: وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی. 457-466.
شیعه، اسماعیل، مصطفی بهزادفر و احمدعلی نامداریان. «تدوین چارچوب نظری منظر شهری به کمک نظریه تولید فضا و نیروهای مؤثر بر منظر شهری» فصلنامه مطالعات شهری، 24 ، 1396.
طاهری ،زهرا .«خانه پدری و » پسافضا «در خانه شن و مه» نقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی، دوره چهاردهم، شماره 19 ،پاییز و زمستان (1396)، 233-257.
کریمیان، فرزانه، «فضا وکارکرد تخیل در اثر ژان ژیونو: شاه سرگرمی ندارد» مجله نقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی، دوره دوم، شمارۀ 3، پاییز و زمستان، (1388)، 87-103
Bell, Nancy and Anne Pomerantz. Humor in the Classroom: A Guide for Language Teachers and Educational Researchers, New York: Routledge, 2016.
Borden, Iain, et al. eds. “Things, Flows, Filters, Tactics” in Unknown City: Contesting Architecture and Social Space. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.
----------. “Another Pavement, Another Beach: Skateboarding and the Performative Critique of Architecture” Unknown City: Contesting Architecture and Social Space. eds. Borden, Iain et al. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. 180-199.
De Certeau, Michel, The Practice of Everyday Life, trans. Steven Rendall, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
Fraser, Benjamin. Toward An Urban Cultural Studies: Henri Lefebvre and the Humanities. New York &London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
Harvey, David. “Afterword” The Production of Space, ed., Henri Lefebvre, trans. Donald Nicholson–Smith, Oxford: Blackwell, 1991. 425–434.
Highmore, Ben. Everyday Life and Cultural Theory: An Introduction. London and New York: Routledge, 2002.
-----------. Ordinary Lives: Studies in the Everyday. London: Routledge, 2011.
Jeyasingham, Dharman. "The production of space in children's social work: Insights from Henri Lefebvre's spatial dialectics." British Journal of Social Work 44.7 (2013): 1879-1894.
Jarvis, Brian. Postmodern Cartographies: The Geographical Imagination in Contemporary American Culture. New York: St. Martin’s, 1998.
Lemke, Thomas. Biopolitics: An Advanced Introduction. Trans. Eric Frederick Trump. New York: New York University. 2011.
Lefebvre, Henri. The Production of Space, trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.
--------.Everyday Life in the Modern World [1968], translated by Sacha Rabinovitch, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1984.
--------. The Urban Revolution. Trans. Robert Bononno. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003.
--------. Dialectical Materialism, John Sturrock (Trans.), The University of Minnesota Press, 2009.
---------.Rhythmanalysis: Space, time and everyday life. Trans. S. Elden and G. Moore. London: Continuum, 2004.
-------- The Sociology of Marx, trans. Norbert Guterman. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.
---------------“Towards a New Romanticism?” in Introduction to Modernity: Twelve Preludes,
September 1959–May 1961, trans. John Moore, London: Verso, 1995.
---------"The Right to the City". In Writings on Cities. eds. and trans., E. Kofman and E. Lebas, Oxford: Blackwell. 1996.
Madanipour, Ali. Designing the City Of Reason: Foundations and Frameworks. New York and Oxon: Routledge, 2007.
McCreery, Sandy.“The Claremont Road Situation” Unknown City: Contesting Architecture and Social Space. Borden, Iain, et al. eds. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.
Richardson, Nathan. Constructing Spain: The Re-imagination of Space and Place in Fiction and Film, 1953-2003. Lewsburg: Bucknell University Press, 2011.
Simpson, Paul. On the Discourse of Satire: Towards a Stylistic Model of Satirical Humour. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company,2003.
Soja, E. Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places, Oxford: Blackwell, 1996
Thomas, Helen. “ Stories of Plain Territory: The Maidan, Calcutta” Unknown City: Contesting Architecture and Social Space. eds. Borden, Iain, et al. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. 138-160.
Urry, John. “Sociology of Time and Space”, The Blackwell Companion to Social Theory. ed. Brayn S. Turner. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1997.369-396.
Vernon, Mark. Science, Religion, and Meaning of Life. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
Winkel, Adam Lee. “Zones of Influence: The Production of Madrid in Early Franco Spain.”
Diss., Columbia University, 2014.
Zieleniec, Andy. “The Hermeneutics of the Urban Spatial Sociologies of Simmel, Benjamin and Lefebvre”
Place, Space and Hermeneutics. B.B. Janz ed.,Springer, 2017.
Ziv, A. ''Humor’s role in married life''. Humor: The International Journal of Humor Research, 1 (3), 223–229. 1988.
rajabi, E., & Sokhanvar, J. (2018). Literary Techniques and the Everyday Rhythms as Practices of Production of Space in Don Delillo’s Zero K (2016). Critical Language and Literary studies, 15(21), 179-198.
MLA
erfan rajabi; Jalal Sokhanvar. "Literary Techniques and the Everyday Rhythms as Practices of Production of Space in Don Delillo’s Zero K (2016)", Critical Language and Literary studies, 15, 21, 2018, 179-198.
HARVARD
rajabi, E., Sokhanvar, J. (2018). 'Literary Techniques and the Everyday Rhythms as Practices of Production of Space in Don Delillo’s Zero K (2016)', Critical Language and Literary studies, 15(21), pp. 179-198.
VANCOUVER
rajabi, E., Sokhanvar, J. Literary Techniques and the Everyday Rhythms as Practices of Production of Space in Don Delillo’s Zero K (2016). Critical Language and Literary studies, 2018; 15(21): 179-198.
)