نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه گلستان
2 گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه گلستان
3 دانشجو دکترای ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران
چکیده
فراداستان تاریخ نگارانه یکی از نمودهای سبک نگارش پسامدرنی و از عالی‌ترین نمونه‌هایی است که بدون ادعایی مبنی بر ارائه تصویری از واقعیت، نظر خواننده را به ساختگی بودن خود جلب کرده و بدین ترتیب صحت وقایع تاریخی را به چالش می‌کشد و تاریخ را به گونه‌ای متفاوت از آنچه روی داده، نمایش می‌دهد. این پژوهش رمان خانه ارواح اثر ایزابل آلنده را بر اساس نظریات لیندا هاچن در رابطه با فراداستان تاریخ نگارانه مورد بررسی قرار داده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که آلنده با استفاده از روش‌هایی چون جعل تاریخ، بینامتنیت، پاردوی و آیرونی، به بازنویسی تاریخ کشور شیلی در قرن بیستم، بخصوص حوادث دوره ریاست جمهوری سالوادور آلنده و کودتای 1973 می پردازد. در واقع این اثر یک نمونه از روایت های فراداستانی تاریخ نگارانه می باشد که تاکید بر ساختگی بودن خود داشته و تلاش دارد تا به خواننده بقبولاند که حوادث و وقایع اندکی متفاوت از آنچه در تاریخ روی داده می باشند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
An Analysis of The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende as a Historiographic Metafiction
نویسندگان [English]
- abdolbaghi rezaei talarposhti 1
- Behzad Pourgharib 2
- Ahmad Reza Rahimi 3
1 assistant prof. of Literature, Golestan University
2 Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Ph. D Candidate in English literature, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
چکیده [English]
Historiographic metafiction, as one of the postmodern writing styles, reminds the readers of its being fictional as it does not claim of any representation of reality and thus it challenges the historical truth. In fact it presents history in a slightly different manner than how it actually happened or conceived. Linda Hutcheon, the Canadian critic, as one of the most significant postmodern theoreticians, defined hysterographic metafiction as works which use historical background while having some postmodern techniques. This study applies her theory to The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende. Using techniques such as intertextuality, parody and irony, Allende has rewritten turbulent Chilean history in the twentieth century and especially the events before, during and after President Salvador Allende’s time in office and the 1973 coup. Meanwhile she casts a doubt on the truth of some historical events, which establishes the work as a historiographic metafiction rather than a purely magic realistic text.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Historiographic Metafiction
- Intertexuality
- Lind Hutcheon
- Isabel Allende
- The House of the Spirits
Cooper, Brenda. “Does Marxism allow for the magical side of things? Magical realism and a comparison between One Hundred Years of Solitude and The House of the Spirits”. Social Dynamics: A Journal of African Studies, vol. 17, no. 2, 1991. pp. 126 – 154. DOI:http//dx.doi.org/10,1080/2533959108458515
Cooper, Sara E. “Family Systems and National Subversion in Isabel Allende’s The House of the Spirits”. Interdisciplinary Literary Studies. vol. 10, no. 1. Fall 2008. pp. 16 – 37.
Earle, Peter G. and Allende. “Literature as Survival: Allende’s “The House of the Spirits”. Contemporary Literature, vol. 28, no. 4, Winter 1987, pp. 543 – 554.
Eco,Umberto. Reflections on the Name of the Rose; trans. William Weaver. London: Minerva, 1994.
Garcia-Johnson, Ronie-Richele. “The Struggle for Space: Feminism and Freedom in The House of the Spirits”. Revista Hispanica Moderna. vol. 47, no. 1. June 1994. pp. 184 – 193.
Holmes, Frederick M. “The Representation of History as Plastic: The Search for the Real Thing in Graham Swift’s Ever After.” ARIEL, 1996. pp.25 – 43.
Hutcheon, Linda. A Poetics of Postmodernism (History, Theory, Fiction). New York and London: Routledge, 1999
-----------------------. Postmodern Literature: Historiographic Metafiction: Parody and Intertextuality of History (P. Yazdanjoo, Trans.). Tehran: Markaz Publications [In Persian], 2011.
Jenkins, Ruth Y. “Authorizing Female Voice and Experience: Ghosts and Spirits in Kingston’s The Woman Warrior and Allende’s The House of the Spirits”, MELUS, vol. 19, no. , Fall 1994, pp. 61 – 73.
Kristeva, J. “World, Dialogue and the Novel”. The Kristeva Reader. ed. by T. Moi. New York: Columbia University Press. 1986, pp.35 – 61.
N. Rana. “Locating Existence and Cure of ‘Seven Sins of Narcissism’ in Esteban Trueba from The House of Spirits”. Journal of Mental Disorders and Treatment. 2008. vol. 4, n. 3. pp. 1 – 5. DOI: 10.4172/2471-271X.1000168
Palmer, Paulina. “The Passion: Storytelling, Fantasy, Desire”. “I’m Telling Your Stories”; Jeanette Winterson and the politics of reading. ed. by Helena Grice and Tim Wood. 1998. pp.103 – 116.
Pashaee, Roshanak, “Metafiction, Language for Thought Provocation in Iran’s Children Literature; Analyzing Three Works by Farhad Hasanzadeh. Critical Language & Literature Studies, vol. 1, no. 2, Spring and Summer 2010, pp. 1 – 17 [in Persian]
Payandeh, H. The Short Story in Iran, vol. 3. Tehran: Niloofar Publications, 2011 [In Persian]
Rezaei Talarposhti, Abdolbaghi, Fahimeh Hokmabadi and Behzad Pourgharib. “A Study of the Concept of Hyperreality and Simulation in Don DeLillo’s White Noise”. Critical Language and Literature Studies. vol. 16, no. 23. Autumn and Winter 2019. pp. 165 – 186. [In Persian]
Sajjadi, Bakhtiar and Somayyeh Ghorbani. “Revisiting Identity through History: Poststructualist Reading of the novel Mumbo Jumbo by Ishamael Reed”. Critical Language and Literature Studies. vol. 1, no. 5, March 2013, pp. 1 – 22. [in Persian]
Thomas, Herbert. “Elements in Hypertextual Design in the House of Spirits”. English Studies in Africa. vol. 31, no. 1. 1995. pp. 35 – 43. DOI: 10.1080/00138399508691236
Waugh, Patricia. Metafiction: The Theory and Practice of Self-conscious Fiction , translated by Sh. Vaghfipoor. Tehran: Cheshmeh Publications 2018 [In Persian]
White, Hayden. Meta-history: The Historical Imagination in the Nineteenth Century Europe. London: John Hopkins UP, 1973.
)