نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترا گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکده زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
3 استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
مطالعه حاضر به بررسی رمان خانه گرد اثر لوئیز اردریک در پرتو «مفهوم تأثیر» می‌پردازد. پاتریک کوم هوگان با ارائه نظریه «مفهوم تاثیر» روایت تجربه عاطفه و احساس در سوژه ها را مورد هدف مطالعه قرار می دهد. پژوهشگران این مقاله می‌‌کوشند تا مفاهیم عاطفه،روایت عاطفه، شرایط برانگیختن،همانندسازی،تعدیل ومنطقی‌سازی عاطفه را در رمان اردریک ردیابی‌کنند.سعی بر آن است تا به این فرایند پرداخته‌شود که چگونه در روایت،احساسات و عواطف همانندسازی می‌شوند و در پی آن تعدیل و منطقی‌سازی احساسات و عواطف رخ می‌دهد. چنین فرایندی، به‌ویژه، بر پیشبرد روایت اثر و رفتار سوژه‌ها تاثیر می‌گذارد.این پژوهش به طور خاص، نشان می‌دهد که رمان یادشده نمونه‌ای مناسب برای مطالعه روایت عاطفه و احساسات است زیرا بازتابنده رنج زنان و خشونت علیه آنها در جامعه سرخپوستان آجیبوا، و در مقیاسی بزرگ‌تر،در کل جامعه است. رمان اردریک تلاشی است برای بر زبان‌آوردن تجربه‌های دردناک زنان که البته تبعات آن، مردان و کل جمعیت و تاریخ سرخپوستان را نیز در بر‌می‌گیرد. بنابراین،این مطالعه به بررسی پارادایم‌های هستی‌شناختی و معرفت‌شناختی در زندگی و تاریخ بومیان آمریکا می‌پردازد که به دلیل عوامل اجتماعی و هستی‌شناختی ناشناخته مانده یا به ندرت به آنها پرداخته شده است.در خانه گرد،صدا و روایت یک مرد انعکاس‌دهنده شرایط زنان آسیب‌دیده و زخم‌خورده ای است که به تسخیر حافظه عاطفی درآمده‌اند.چنین روایتی بناست آسیب‌های گذشته را بازتابد تا تغییرات بزرگی را برای زنان و همچنین کل ملت سرخپوست آمریکا به ارمغان‌آورد. هدف پژوهش حاضر این است که با خوانش تاثیر عاطفه و احساس بر اساس آراء هوگان، تلاش اردریک برای دستیابی به اصلاحات هستی‌شناختی و معرفت‌شناختی را در جامعه بومیان آمریکا بازنمایاند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Simulation and Modulation: Emotional Narrative in Louise Erdrich’s The Round House
نویسندگان [English]
- Ladan Mokhtarzadeh 1
- Zahara Jannessari Ladani 2
- Negar Sharif 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate of English Literature, Department of English Language and Literature, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction: The present study examines Louise Erdrich's novel The Round House in the light of Patrick Colm Hogan’s affect notions of narrative concerning the emotional experiences of the subjects. This paper attempts to trace the concepts of affect, emotional narrative, eliciting conditions, simulation, modulation and rationalization of emotion in Erdrich’s novel in order to explore how emotions are simulated, modulated and rationalized in the narrative, particularly, in what affects the narrative and the subjects in fiction. The present paper, specifically, demonstrates how Erdrich’s mentioned novel acts as an example for the affect study and narrative of emotion that vocalizes the suffering and violence against the women in the Native American population of the Ojibwa, and consequently the whole population, the ones which have not been divulged due to social and ontological factors. Erdrich's novel is an attempt to narrate the painful experiences of women, which of course embraces men and the entire population and history of the Indians.
Background of Study: Louise Erdrich’s fiction explicitly articulates conceptions that highlight the contemporary Native Americans’, specifically Ojibwas’, concerns primarily with the themes of history, land, love and hate, violence, injustice and survival. They illustrate the impacts of a devastating experience that disturbs the subject’s self and identity, a traumatic experience that has the capacity to remain overwhelmingly present. Her narrators range from the single to the multi-ones, reflecting the past through the present experiences and the affect on the subjects and their emotional concerns and obsessions. In order to survive, the subjects either surrender their emotions or endeavor to maintain their positions or ignore their emotions and flee their history, land and geography and real selves. The emotional narrative of events, such as the rape of the mother of the Indian family, along with the parallel elaborations of the violence against three other women in the community, is central in RH. The spirit and emotion of the Ojibwa are blended in her work, seeking the desire to alter the situation for the better.
Methodology: This study examines the ontological and epistemological paradigms in the life and history of Native Americans that have been silenced or rarely addressed due to social and ontological factors. The study thus investigates the ontological and epistemological paradigms in Native American life and history experienced by Ojibwa survivors. In addition, it argues how emotionalogy works for the minority subjects and how the notion of affect in terms of Hogan’s theory is traceable in Erdrich’s novel. In The Round House, the affected women and survivors are haunted with the emotional memory vocalized by the single adult narrator to reflect the past trauma in order to bring great changes for the women as well as the whole nation. Erdrich’s goal is to gain ontological and epistemological rights to the Native American community. The purpose of the present study is to read the impact of Hogan's emotion and emotion on Erdrich’s attempt to obtain ontological and epistemological improvements for Native American society.
Conclusion: Erdrich initially as a Native women and subsequently as an Indian author goes through a battle for portrayal of the women condition in the reservation. Such battle is Erdrich’s style of modulation for relieve the painful emotions elicited not only in the women spirit and body but the whole generation. Erdrich’s fiction is her tool to gain modulation in the present collective and improve the life condition for the next generation, the modulation that fosters the ontological and epistemological emotions and values.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Affect Study
- Emotional Narrative Theory
- Eliciting Conditions
- Simulation
- Modulation
- Rationalization
pp. 240-252, DOI: 10.22455/2541-7894-2018-4-240-252
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