نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه گلستان
2 استادیار زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی - دانشگاه گلستان
چکیده
«آگاهی طبقاتی» گئورگ لوکاچ از فلسفه و سیاست به نقد ادبی راه یافت. گونه‌های اصیل یا کاذبی در حوزه شناخت مفهوم «آگاهی» وجود دارد که شناخت دقیق آن را دشوار می‌کند اما ادبیات با ارائه نمونه‌های عینی و مبتنی بر تجربه زیسته فهم دقیق‌تری از این مقوله به دست می‌دهد. در تبیین این موضوع دو داستان برگزیده شد. در این داستان‌ها می‌توان نشانه‌های آگاهی طبقاتی را در وجه استعاری در زندگی شخصیت‌های اصلی داستان مشاهده کرد. داستان‌های بررسی شده در این مقاله دو داستان انقلابی‌اند که در شخصیت‌های اصلی، ظهور آگاهی طبقاتی با مؤلفه‌های بسیاری به وضوح دیده می‌شود. روش تحقیق صوری، تطبیقی و روش‌شناسی مفهومی آن دیالکتیکی است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد «برات» در فتحنامۀ مغان و «بارتلبی» در «داستانی از وال‌استریت» علاوه بر این که درگیر فرایند صیرورت آگاهی‌اند؛ به سوژه‌های فعال اجتماعی بدل می‌شوند. قهرمان داستان گلشیری درگیر فرایند ساخته‌شدن و انهدام همزمان آگاهی است و سوژۀ داستان ملویل در فرایند شکل‌گیری آگاهی خاص از منظری جدیدی است. «برات» عرصۀ ظهور آگاهی را انقلاب سیاسی می‌داند، این آگاهی در ساحت غیرمولّد باقی می‌ماند و «بارتلبی» این عرصه را زمینه مناسبات تولید سرمایه‌داری می‌داند. شباهت این دو در این باور است که آگاهی از فرد به جمع تسری می یابد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Comparative Application of Lukács’ Concept of Class Consciousness in Houshang Golshiri's "The Conquest of Moghan" and Herman Melville's "The Story of Wall Street"
نویسندگان [English]
- abdolbaghi rezaei talarposhti 1
- Behzad Pourgharib 2
1 assistant prof. of Literature, Golestan University
2 Ph.D in English Language and Literature- Golestan University
چکیده [English]
From philosophy and politics to literary criticism, György Lukács paved the ground for the notion of "class consciousness."In the realm of comprehending the idea of "consciousness," there are genuine and false genres, making it impossible to grasp it precisely. However, the literature gives a more accurate knowledge of this category by offering objective instances based on lived experience. To explain this subject, two tales were chosen. In these stories, one may find indications of class consciousness in the lives of the main characters in a metaphorical sense. The stories analyzed in this paper are two revolutionary stories in which the main characters clearly show the emergence of class consciousness with numerous components. The research approach is formal and comparative, with a dialectical conceptual framework. The findings demonstrate that "Barat" in the Moghan Conquest and "Bartleby" in "A Wall Street Story" are not only socially engaged individuals, but also participate in the process of becoming conscious. The protagonist of Golshiri's story is in the process of both generating and destroying consciousness, whereas Melville's topic is in the process of establishing a unique consciousness from a fresh perspective. "Barat" views the birth of awareness as a political revolution, but this consciousness stays in the unproductive realm, which "Bartleby" views as the basis for the relations of capitalist production. The similarity between the two lies in the belief that the consciousness of the individual extends to the collective.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Class Consciousness
- False Consciousness
- Ideology
- Moghan Conquest
- Wall Street Story
- Subject of Consciousness
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