جلوه‌هایِ امرِ نشانه‌‌ای در ساحتِ نمادین: خوانشِ گفتمانِ جنون در سه تراژدیِ برجسته‌ی ویلیام شکسپیر از دیدگاه‌ِ جولیا کریستوا

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکز

2 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

چکیدهمضمون جنون و جلوه‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌های آن از دیرباز در آثارِ ادبی به اشکالِ مختلف ترسیم و توصیف شده است. شکسپیر یکی از نویسندگانی است که این پدیده را در تعدادی از تراژدی‌های خود از طریقِ آفرینش و معرفیِ چند شخصیتِ پیچیده بازنمایی کرده است. پرداخت و برداشتِ او از این پدیده را بسیاری از منتقدان نوآورانه و به دور از باورهایِ سنتی و پنداشت‌هایِ رایج می‌‌‌‌‌‌دانند. از همین رو می‌توان این عارضه و شخصیت‌هایِ مجنون در آثارِ او را  بر مبنایِ نظریه‌های معاصر بررسی و تحلیل نمود. شکسپیر به ویژه زبانِ شاخصی برای شخصیت‌هایِ مجنونِ تراژدی‌هایِ خود ابداع می‌کند که بازتابِ وضعیتِ روانیِ آن‌هاست. در این جستار، گفتارِ چهار شخصیت در سه تراژدی برجسته‌ی شکسپیر – هملت، شاه ‌لیر، و مکبث –  از دیدگاهِ جولیا کریستوا بر اساسِ نظریاتِ زبان‌شناختیِ او در موردِ خصلتِ نشانه‌ای و نمادینِ زبان تحلیل خواهد شد، با این پیش‌فرض که گفتمانِ جنون در این نمایشنامه‌‌ها حاصلِ هجومِ وجهِ نشانه‌ای به وجهِ‌ نمادین زبان است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Emergence of the Semiotic in the Symbolic Order: A Kristevan Reading of the Discourse of Madness in Three Major Shakespearean Tragedies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rakhshandeh Nabizadeh-Nodehi 1
  • Sheedeh Ahmadzadeh-Heravi 2
1 IAU, Tehran Central Branch
2 Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

Madness and its manifestations have long been one of the themes treated and diversely depicted in literary works. Shakespeare is among the many authors who have represented this phenomenon in a number of his tragedies through the creation and introduction of a few complicated outstanding characters. His treatment of this issue, according to many critics, is innovative and far from conventional and traditional notions; thus this phenomenon and those who are affected by it can be viewed and analyzed in the light of contemporary theories. Shakespeare particularly creates a peculiar language for the insane personages, which reflects their state of mind and becomes their common feature. In this article, the discourse of four such characters in three major Shakespearean tragedies – Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth – will be discussed in the light of Julia Kristeva’s linguistic theories regarding the semiotic and symbolic dispositions with the assumption that the discourse of madness in these plays is an outcome of the emergence of semiotic features in the symbolic disposition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Discourse of madness
  • semiotic
  • symbolic- William Shakespeare
  • Julia Kristeva
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