تاثیر انواع روش های داربستی بر توانایی و سبک خواندن زبان آموزان ایرانی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آموزش زبان انگلیسی، بخش زبان انگلیسی، واحد قشم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قشم، ایران

2 استادیار آموزش زبان انگلیسی، بخش زبان انگلیسی، واحد قشم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قشم، ایران

3 پروفسور آموزش زبان انگلیسی، بخش زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از اصل داربست نظریه جامعه شناختی فرهنگی (Wood, Bruner & Ross, 1976)  به بررسی  چهار تکنیک داربست ، یعنی سخت ، نرم (Saye & Brush, 2002) ، متقابل (Holton & Clarke, 2006)، و مجازی (Yelland & Masters, 2007) بر بهبود مهارت خواندن زبان آموزان ایرانی طراحی شده است. برای انجام این تحقیق، از بین 100 شرکت کننده، 80 زبان آموز همگن دختر و پسر براساس عملکردشان در آزمون  مقدماتی انگلیسی (PET)، با محدوده سنی 19 تا 25 سال از یکی از موسسات زبان انگلیسی بندرعباس انتخاب شدند. شرکت کنندگان در این تحقیق به طور تصادفی به 4 گروه تقسیم شدند ، یعنی گروه داربست نرم (SSG) ، گروه داربست سخت (HSG) ، گروه داربست متقابل (RSG) ، و گروه داربست مجازی (VSG). زبان آموزان در همه گروه ها از استراتژی های خواندن (شوری و مختاری ، 2002) ، مداخلات مربوطه و نظرسنجی استراتژی های خواندن به عنوان پس آزمون استفاده کردند. به همین ترتیب ، در بخش کیفی تحقیق ، ازگزارشهای زبان آموزان و همچنین مشاهدات معلم برای جمع آوری داده ها استفاده شد. داده های جمع آوری شده با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS نسخه 25 و با استفاده از آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و چند متغیره ANOVA (MANOVA) مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت تا میانگین نمرات چهار گروه آزمایش در استراتژی های خواندن پس آزمون مقایسه شوند. داده های کیفی مربوط به گزارش های فراگسران و مشاهدات کلاس دروس معلمان با استفاده از روش های کدگذاری باز و محوری مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. از نتایج نشان داد که نه تنها آموزش های روش داربستی سنتی و مجازی تأثیرات متفاوتی در توسعه استراتژی های خولندن جهانی ، حل مسئله و حمایتی در بین زبان آموزان  ایرانی داشتند ، همچنین گروه داربست سخت (به عنوان یک گروه داربست سنتی) و به دنبال آن گروه داربست مجازی بیشترین استفاده از استراتژی های خواندن را داشته است. با این وجود ، گروه های داربست متقابل و نرم (به دنبال سایر فرم های سنتی داربست) به طور مشابه از استراتژی های خواندن کمتر استفاده کردند. یافته های این مطالعه درک قبلی از روش داربست در محیط EFL را گسترش داده و از نظر جنبه های آموزشی می تواند به پیشرفت دروس آینده کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

On the Effect of Hard, Soft, Reciprocal, and Virtual Scaffolding Types on Iranian EFL Learners' Reading Strategy Development

نویسندگان [English]

  • Noushin Asadipiran 1
  • shahram Afraz 2
  • Ayatollah Razmjoo 3
1 Department of English Languages , Qeshm Branch, Islamic azad University, Qeshm, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of English Language, Department of English Language, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran
3 Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present study was designed following a scaffolding principle of sociocultural theory (Wood, Bruner & Ross, 1976) with an attempt to investigate the role of the four scaffolding techniques, namely Hard, Soft (Saye & Brush, 2002), Reciprocal (Holton & Clarke, 2006), and Virtual (Yelland & Masters, 2007) in developing reading strategy of Iranian EFL learners. To accomplish the project, 80 homogeneous intermediate level male and female EFL learners with the age range of 19 to 25 in one of the language institutes in Bandar Abbas were chosen from 100 intermediate students according to their performance in a sample Preliminary English Test (PET) which was first piloted with 30 students with similar characteristics to check the reliability of the test. The selected participants were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely Soft Scaffolding Group (SSG), Hard Scaffolding Group (HSG), Reciprocal Scaffolding Group (RSG), and Virtual Scaffolding Group (VSG). The learners in all groups received a survey of reading strategies (Sheorey & Mokhtari, 2002), their respective intervention, and the survey of reading strategies as a posttest. Likewise, in the qualitative section of the study, the learners’ self-reports as well as the teacher’s observations were used to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS software version 25, employing one-way ANOVA and multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) to compare the mean scores of the four experimental groups on the posttest reading strategies. The qualitative data pertained to the learners’ reports and teacher’s classroom observations were analyzed using open and axial coding methods. In terms of reading strategies, the results revealed that not only traditional and virtual scaffolding treatments had different effects on the development of global, problem solving, and supporting reading strategies among Iranian EFL learners, the hard scaffolding group (as a traditional scaffolding group) had the highest use of reading strategies followed by the virtual scaffolding group. Nevertheless, reciprocal and soft scaffolding groups (following other traditional forms of scaffolding) similarly had less use of reading strategies. Findings of this study extended earlier understandings of scaffolding in an EFL environment and could contribute to the advancement of future courses in terms of their scaffolding pedagogical aspects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Reading Strategy
  • Scaffolding Types
  • Global Strategy
  • Problem Solving Strategy
  • Supporting Strategy

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