Critical Language and Literary Studies

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکده زبان‌های خارجی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،

2 گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکدۀ زبان‌های خارجی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اگرچه جهش اخلاقی در رمان و نقد ادبی در دو دهه‌ی اخیر از سوی شماری از منتقدین، فیلسوفان و نظریه‌پردازان تصدیق می شود، اما همچنان ماهیت و کم‌وکیف آن نامشخص است و نیاز به ارزیابی و تحلیلی ویژه دارد. از این رو، این مقاله بر آن است تا چهارچوب جدیدی از اخلاق را که حاکی از گذر رمان از پسا‌مدرنیسم به پساپسا‌مدرنیسم است، ارزیابی نماید. بدین منظور، رمان قهرمانان مرزها (2016) اثر دیو اگرز، نویسنده‌‌ی معاصر آمریکایی، بررسی می‌شود. در این رمان دنیایی به‌تصویر کشیده می‌شود که در آن مردم با مشکلات دنیای پسا‌مدرن مواجه می‌شوند: دنیایی در بند خودشیفتگی و مصرف‌گرایی. اما در ادامه‌ی روایت، گردشی شگرف به‌‌سمت اخلاقیات روی می‌دهد که تا به ‌حال در رمان پسامدرن دیده نشده و نیاز به واکاوی دارد. از آن ‌جا که این گردش اخلاقی غایت‌محور و تجربی است نویسندگان این مقاله برآن هستند در مطالعه‌ی حاضر، این رمان را از منظر دیدگاه‌های اخلاقی جان دیویی، از بنیانگذاران فلسفه‌ی اخلاق پراگماتیستی، بررسی نمایند. این مقاله نشان می‌دهد مفاهیم اخلاقی دیویی بر پایه‌ی «سنجش اخلاقی تجربه-محور»، «تصور»، «شرایط محیطی و اجتماعی» و اصل «بهبود‌گرایی» استوار است. همچنین، تصوراخلاقی دیویی می‌تواند پاسخ‌گوی تنگناهای اجتماعی و فردی در بستر جامعه‌ی پسامدرن باشد که منجر به تکامل اخلاقی، خود‌اصلاحی، بازسازی و ظهور امید در شخصیت‌های رمان می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Streaks of Pragmatic Moral Imagination in Post-postmodern Fiction: A Study of Deweyan Philosophy in Dave Eggers’ Heroes of the Frontiers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Esmaeili 1
  • Narges Montakhabi Bakhtvar 2

1 PhD Student of English Language and Literature, Department of English Language and Literature,, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Central Tehran Branch,, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of English Language and Literature,, Faculty of Foreign Languages,, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Although a number of theorists, critics, and philosophers have acknowledged the recent ethical turn in the novel and literary criticism since the last two decades, the quiddity of illustrated morality remains vague and needs further research. Thus, the present article endeavors to evaluate the new moral matrix in Heroes of the Frontier (2016) by Dave Eggers, indicating the end of postmodern era. Indeed, this novel demonstrates a world in which people face plights of postmodernism caused by egoism and consumerism. However, in the rest of the novel, a wondrous ethical turn occurs which has never been detected before and needs to be examined in detail. Since this is a situational, experimental, and posteriori morality, the researchers aim to study the aforementioned novel under the light of John Dewey’s pragmatic ethics based on “moral inquiry”, “experience”, “imagination”, “situation”, and “meliorism”. This research also demonstrates that moral imagination could solve the individual and social problems in postmodern society, which can lead to moral evolution, growth, self-correction, reconstruction and advent of hope.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethical Turn
  • Dave Eggers
  • Pragmatism
  • Moral Imagination
  • Experience
  • Environment
  • Meliorism
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