دانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421Assemblages of Power: Material Agency, Posthumanism, and the Ecology of Shakespeare’s The TempestAssemblages of Power: Material Agency, Posthumanism, and the Ecology of Shakespeare’s The Tempest11310529810.48308/clls.2025.238126.1282FAعلیسلامیدانشیار، دانشکده زبانها و ادبیات خارجی دانشگاه تهران ، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20241229This article examines Shakespeare’s The Tempest in the context of posthumanism and material ecocriticism, arguing that the play anticipates the modern discourse of distributed agency and ecological interdependence. It will show how The Tempest subverts the classical categories of Renaissance humanism by examining Prospero’s interaction with the natural elements, Ariel’s liminal being and Caliban’s ambivalence between culture and nature. By using Rosi Braidotti’s posthuman subject and Jane Bennett’s theory of vibrant materialism, the study explains how the play does not advocate anthropocentrism and is dominated by agency, sovereignty and consciousness. On the island, human and non-human actors appear as agentive assemblages and micropolitical sites of power relations. This understanding is based on three core elements: the physical materiality of the island and its agency, the way magic is performed by a range of people, and the representation of non-human consciousness in the play. This analysis locates The Tempest as an early modern text and a work of environmental humanities, allowing for a better understanding of non-human agency, existence in Braidotti’s posthumanism and anthropology. The play does not negatively engage with the nexus of magic, nature and human export, but uses it to reinforce its exploration of global warming, ecological justice and human agency. This notion expands the field of history and politics of Shakespeare and the followers of ecological thinking by helping them understand the historical rootedness of ecological thinking without transcending the rationally imposed concerns common in our time.This article examines Shakespeare’s The Tempest in the context of posthumanism and material ecocriticism, arguing that the play anticipates the modern discourse of distributed agency and ecological interdependence. It will show how The Tempest subverts the classical categories of Renaissance humanism by examining Prospero’s interaction with the natural elements, Ariel’s liminal being and Caliban’s ambivalence between culture and nature. By using Rosi Braidotti’s posthuman subject and Jane Bennett’s theory of vibrant materialism, the study explains how the play does not advocate anthropocentrism and is dominated by agency, sovereignty and consciousness. On the island, human and non-human actors appear as agentive assemblages and micropolitical sites of power relations. This understanding is based on three core elements: the physical materiality of the island and its agency, the way magic is performed by a range of people, and the representation of non-human consciousness in the play. This analysis locates The Tempest as an early modern text and a work of environmental humanities, allowing for a better understanding of non-human agency, existence in Braidotti’s posthumanism and anthropology. The play does not negatively engage with the nexus of magic, nature and human export, but uses it to reinforce its exploration of global warming, ecological justice and human agency. This notion expands the field of history and politics of Shakespeare and the followers of ecological thinking by helping them understand the historical rootedness of ecological thinking without transcending the rationally imposed concerns common in our time.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_105298_c65ac1abec6e261252a6512f90c3d8f5.pdfدانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421William Wordsworth's Spatialized Self and Subjectivized space in The PreludeWilliam Wordsworth's Spatialized Self and Subjectivized space in The Prelude152210552610.48308/clls.2025.238768.1309FAعرفانرجبیگروه زبان وادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکده زبان و ادبیات ، دانشگاه کردستان،جولففلکگروه زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه وسترن اونتاریو کاناداJournal Article20250215Introduction: <br />Most scholarship on Wordsworth’s Book Seven of The Prelude has relied on the duality of city/nature resulting from the Industrial Revolution and rapid urbanization. However, Book Seven offers moments that challenge this duality by exhibiting ambivalent attitudes toward London as a space of contradictory possibilities. This study argues that the inadequacy of the dyad of the mental and physical spaces necessitates a shift of perspective towards a trialectics which must include simultaneous different levels. The research also argues that the ‘confusion’ and “full and empty” London depicted in the Book Seven tend to spatially subjectivize Wordsworth as well. In fact, Wordsworth’s encounter with mirrors the face/façade of London.<br /><br />Theoretical Framework : <br />This research will use Henri Lefebvre’s conceptualization of space in his oeuvre to analyze Wordsworth’s confrontation with London in Book Seven of The Prelude. In his magnum opus, The Production of Space (1991), Lefebvre conceptualizes space through three interconnected triads of the spatial: practice/the physical/ the perceived space; representations of space/ the conceived/ mental space; and spaces of representation/ the social/ lived space. He also elaborates on abstract space and its features and consequences along with suggestions to overcome the alienation produced by abstract space. Moreover, his other books such as Rhythmanalysis, Critique of Everyday Life, Urban Revolution will be drawn upon too. <br /><br />Conclusion <br /><br />Far from conceiving Wordsworth as a passive receptor of London, the research contends that Wordsworth’s serious challenge is how to cope with the demanding task of uniting, a flower, a fruit, or a garden as “works”; asphalt, brick, stone, concrete, or iron as “products”; and memory, fantasy, and desire as forms of subjectivity. The research finds out that Wordsworth's spatial subjectivity is distributed across the cosmic, urban, and personal planes. He struggles to achieve a rapprochement among natural elements, urban mystification, and personal consciousness. Between the subject of praxis and of becoming, he is capable of producing his own life as a work of art. Wordsworth subjectivizes London and London spatializes Wordsworth's self, reflecting the interplay between the urbs and the psyche since acts of consciousness are always shaped by their urban contexts.The scholarship on Wordsworth’s Book VII of The Prelude has focused on urban-rural dichotomy originating from the Industrial Revolution and rapid urbanization. Pinpointing the inadequacy of this duality, the study argues for a shift of perspective towards a trialectics which accommodates simultaneous different dimensions. With this in view, the research will use Henri Lefebvre’s conceptualization of space in his oeuvre to analyze Wordsworth’s confrontation with London. Far from conceiving Wordsworth as a passive receptor of London, the research finds out that Wordsworth's spatial subjectivity is distributed across the cosmic, urban, and personal planes. He struggles to achieve a rapprochement among natural elements, urban mystification, and personal consciousness. Wordsworth’s serious challenge is how to cope with the demanding task of uniting natural elements as “works”, industrial materials as “products”; and memory, fantasy, and desire as forms of subjectivity. Between the subject of praxis and of becoming, he is capable of producing his own life as a work of art.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_105526_56af4f697a74df6630e943514decb0c4.pdfدانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421From Erasure to Empowerment Active Cultural Resistance in Recent Indigenous NovelsFrom Erasure to Empowerment Active Cultural Resistance in Recent Indigenous Novels233210550910.48308/clls.2025.238355.1292FASajjadGheytasiAssistant Professor,
Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures,
Payame Noor University (PNU)Journal Article20250112This essay analyzes the role of cultural resistance in three contemporary novels: The Night Watchman by Louise Erdrich, Sharks in the Time of Saviors by Kawai Strong Washburn, and How Beautiful We Were by Imbolo Mbue. The study explores how these authors use storytelling, memory, and indigenous traditions to resist hegemonic narratives and assert marginalized identities. Erdrich’s work critiques the U.S. government's Termination policy, emphasizing Native American sovereignty, while Washburn explores the commodification of Hawaiian culture within capitalist structures. Mbue’s novel portrays a fictional African village resisting ecological and cultural destruction caused by a corporate oil company. Drawing on postcolonial and indigenous studies – particularly the works of Gerald Vizenor, Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Homi K. Bhabha, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o etc. – the essay examines the theoretical underpinnings of cultural resistance, highlighting the transformative power of literature in challenging systemic oppression. Central to the novels is the role of indigenous storytelling as both a method of preserving cultural heritage and a form of defiance against cultural erasure. Through these works, the essay emphasizes the importance of cultural memory, environmental justice, and the significant role of women in resisting colonial and capitalist exploitation.This essay analyzes the role of cultural resistance in three contemporary novels: The Night Watchman by Louise Erdrich, Sharks in the Time of Saviors by Kawai Strong Washburn, and How Beautiful We Were by Imbolo Mbue. The study explores how these authors use storytelling, memory, and indigenous traditions to resist hegemonic narratives and assert marginalized identities. Erdrich’s work critiques the U.S. government's Termination policy, emphasizing Native American sovereignty, while Washburn explores the commodification of Hawaiian culture within capitalist structures. Mbue’s novel portrays a fictional African village resisting ecological and cultural destruction caused by a corporate oil company. Drawing on postcolonial and indigenous studies – particularly the works of Gerald Vizenor, Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Homi K. Bhabha, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o etc. – the essay examines the theoretical underpinnings of cultural resistance, highlighting the transformative power of literature in challenging systemic oppression. Central to the novels is the role of indigenous storytelling as both a method of preserving cultural heritage and a form of defiance against cultural erasure. Through these works, the essay emphasizes the importance of cultural memory, environmental justice, and the significant role of women in resisting colonial and capitalist exploitation.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_105509_a79e96c8eb9453c1e6952d16b27adb82.pdfدانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421“Every Way I Turn, I Run into Dead Ends”: A Necropolitical Reading of The Girl on the Train (2016) by Paula Hawkins“Every Way I Turn, I Run into Dead Ends”: A Necropolitical Reading of The Girl on the Train (2016) by Paula Hawkins334110526810.48308/clls.2025.237904.1279FAملیکارمزیدانشجوی دکتری، گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکدهی ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20241209The present study analyzes the key necropolitical thematic subjects in The Girl on the Train (originally published in 2015) by Paula Hawkins, focusing on the main character Rachel Watson’s emotional, psychological, and social deterioration. The problem of Rachel’s societal and personal disempowerment is framed through the concept of necropolitics, which highlights how systems of power enforce social and civic death in the form of living death. To address this issue critically, the paper proceeds by examining Rachel’s fractured mental state, social exclusion, and experiences of marginalization through four dimensions of necropolitical control: incarceration, homelessness, no ventilation, and malnutrition. Employing the theoretical framework of Achille Mbembe, this reading explores how Rachel’s psychological imprisonment, emotional displacement, stifling circumstances, and neglect manifest these necropolitical elements. The analysis further sheds light on how Rachel’s alcoholism, failed marriage, and self and social alienation reflect broader institutional oppressions rooted in patriarchy. The study also elaborates on how societal expectations and bureaucratic control mechanisms contribute to Rachel’s social death. In conclusion, the essay asserts that The Girl on the Train offers a compelling depiction of necropolitical marginalization, particularly as it affects women constrained by societal norms and personal trauma. Finally, the findings challenge the idea that the living-dead body is ultimately a passive, immovable, and domestic one and suggest that necropolitical forces impact not only the disenfranchised but also those seemingly in positions of power. The analysis further shows how having an immature superego and overactive id help Rachel be heard by the necropowers.The present study analyzes the key necropolitical thematic subjects in The Girl on the Train (originally published in 2015) by Paula Hawkins, focusing on the main character Rachel Watson’s emotional, psychological, and social deterioration. The problem of Rachel’s societal and personal disempowerment is framed through the concept of necropolitics, which highlights how systems of power enforce social and civic death in the form of living death. To address this issue critically, the paper proceeds by examining Rachel’s fractured mental state, social exclusion, and experiences of marginalization through four dimensions of necropolitical control: incarceration, homelessness, no ventilation, and malnutrition. Employing the theoretical framework of Achille Mbembe, this reading explores how Rachel’s psychological imprisonment, emotional displacement, stifling circumstances, and neglect manifest these necropolitical elements. The analysis further sheds light on how Rachel’s alcoholism, failed marriage, and self and social alienation reflect broader institutional oppressions rooted in patriarchy. The study also elaborates on how societal expectations and bureaucratic control mechanisms contribute to Rachel’s social death. In conclusion, the essay asserts that The Girl on the Train offers a compelling depiction of necropolitical marginalization, particularly as it affects women constrained by societal norms and personal trauma. Finally, the findings challenge the idea that the living-dead body is ultimately a passive, immovable, and domestic one and suggest that necropolitical forces impact not only the disenfranchised but also those seemingly in positions of power. The analysis further shows how having an immature superego and overactive id help Rachel be heard by the necropowers.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_105268_d077cb923a485aec65066bc165cc7d15.pdfدانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421Task Repetition and EFL Learners’ Engagement and Metacognitive JudgmentTask Repetition and EFL Learners’ Engagement and Metacognitive Judgment435310553410.48308/clls.2025.238548.1301FAشکوهرشوند سمیاریاستادیار زبان انگلیسی، گروه زبان انگلیسی، واحد تهران شرق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایرانریحانهخدابخشیدانش آموخته زبان انگلیسی، گروه زبان انگلیسی، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20250128This study explored the impact of task repetition on the engagement and metacognitive judgment of Iranian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners. Using a convenience sampling method and a quasi-experimental design, the researchers began by administering the Oxford Placement Test to identify 60 intermediate-level participants. These participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group engaged in instruction that emphasized repetition tasks as a central pedagogical strategy, specifically focusing on learning about daily routines. In contrast, the control group received standard lessons on daily routines without the incorporation of repetition tasks. To evaluate the outcomes, both groups completed The Student Engagement Questionnaire (SEQ), adapted from Zepke et al. (2011), along with Kolovelonis’ (2023) questionnaire to assess their metacognitive judgment. The results of an independent sample t-test revealed significant differences between the two groups in terms of both engagement in learning and metacognitive judgment. These findings suggested that task repetition positively influenced Iranian EFL learners' engagement and enhanced their ability to evaluate their own learning processes. The study concluded with implications for teaching practices, highlighting the importance of incorporating task repetition in language instruction to boost learners’ engagement and metacognitive awareness. Additionally, it offered suggestions for future research to further investigate these effects in different contexts or with varying learners’ demographics.This study explored the impact of task repetition on the engagement and metacognitive judgment of Iranian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners. Using a convenience sampling method and a quasi-experimental design, the researchers began by administering the Oxford Placement Test to identify 60 intermediate-level participants. These participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group engaged in instruction that emphasized repetition tasks as a central pedagogical strategy, specifically focusing on learning about daily routines. In contrast, the control group received standard lessons on daily routines without the incorporation of repetition tasks. To evaluate the outcomes, both groups completed The Student Engagement Questionnaire (SEQ), adapted from Zepke et al. (2011), along with Kolovelonis’ (2023) questionnaire to assess their metacognitive judgment. The results of an independent sample t-test revealed significant differences between the two groups in terms of both engagement in learning and metacognitive judgment. These findings suggested that task repetition positively influenced Iranian EFL learners' engagement and enhanced their ability to evaluate their own learning processes. The study concluded with implications for teaching practices, highlighting the importance of incorporating task repetition in language instruction to boost learners’ engagement and metacognitive awareness. Additionally, it offered suggestions for future research to further investigate these effects in different contexts or with varying learners’ demographics.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_105534_556b81f9f06f9e14f14131f589552b0f.pdfدانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421Metaphorical Conceptualization of Morality in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Ferdowsi’s Bahram ChobinMetaphorical Conceptualization of Morality in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Ferdowsi’s Bahram Chobin556610558210.48308/clls.2025.238618.1303FAسپیدهعبدالکریمیاستادیار، گروه زبان شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.صهباسلامیکارشناس ارشد، گروه زبان شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.Journal Article20250202The present research delves into metaphorical conceptualization of morality in Ferdowsi's Bahram Chobin story and Shakespeare's tragedy of Macbeth within a cognitive framework. The theory of conceptual metaphor is therefore used as the theoretical framework for this analysis. This research employs a descriptive, literary and analytical approach to analyse and compare the morality related metaphors in these works and their source and target domains with the aim of comparing Ferdowsi’s and Shakespeare’s standpoints about moral values. The mentioned comparison is important because of the difference in nationality, culture, religion, and also the difference in life time of these two writers. Data collection is done bibleothecly. using Shahnameh (Jalal Khaleghi Motlaq 2007) for the epic of Bahram Chobin and the book of Macbeth. In this research, we specifically seek to find out: 1- What are the moral concepts mentioned in the stories of Bahram Chobin and Macbeth, 2- How the metaphorical conceptualization of morality has been done in these works, and 3- What does the comparative study of the mentioned literal works show about the attitudes of these two writers towards ethics. The purpose of comparison of Ferdowsi’s and Shakespeare's attitudes toward moral values is to find out the differences and similarities of their attitudes toward these values and also their lived moral experiences in the form of conceptual metaphors. The analysis of the data has shown that the number and diversity of moral concepts which Shakespeare refers to is more than the number and diversity of the ones to which Ferdowsi adverts: vices and virtues in Ferdowsi’s work are almost equal in number. Number of metaphorical conceptualizations of morality in the tragedy of Macbeth is more than their number in the epic of Bahram Chobin. Also, the diversity of morality related metaphors in the tragedy of Macbeth is more than the story of Bahram Chobin. Shakespeare has referred to moral vices more than Ferdowsi and this finding, in turn, shows the prevalence of moral vices in Shakespeare's bio-society or in his lived experiences.The present research delves into metaphorical conceptualization of morality in Ferdowsi's Bahram Chobin story and Shakespeare's tragedy of Macbeth within a cognitive framework. The theory of conceptual metaphor is therefore used as the theoretical framework for this analysis. This research employs a descriptive, literary and analytical approach to analyse and compare the morality related metaphors in these works with the aim of comparing Ferdowsi’s and Shakespeare’s standpoints about moral values. The mentioned comparison is important because of the difference in nationality, culture, religion, and also the difference in life time of these two writers. Data collection is done bibleothecly. using Shahnameh (Khaleghi Motlaq 2007) for the epic of Bahram Chobin and the book of Macbeth. In this research, we specifically seek to find out: 1- which moral concepts in the stories of Bahram Chobin and Macbeth are adverted to, 2- in what way the metaphorical conceptualization of morality is done in these works, and 3- what facts are revealed about the attitudes of these two writers towards ethics through comparative study. The analysis of the data showed that the number and diversity of moral concepts to which Shakespeare refers, is more than the number and diversity of the ones to which Ferdowsi adverts. Number of morality-related metaphors in the tragedy of Macbeth is more than their number in the epic of Bahram. Shakespeare has referred to moral vices more than Ferdowsi and this, in turn, shows the prevalence of moral vices in Shakespeare's bio-society or in his lived experiences.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_105582_d20fb7709c7e93dcf2d13b45694eeff2.pdfدانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421From the Imaginary in Lacan to the Material in Malabou: The Gaze as the Catalyst in
Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only FruitFrom the Imaginary in Lacan to the Material in Malabou: The Gaze as the Catalyst in Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit677510575510.48308/clls.2025.239361.1326FAهدینیکنژادفردوسدانشکده آموزش آتاترک دانشگاه مارمارا استانبول ترکیهبختیارسجادیدانشیار زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.Journal Article20250407Jeanette Winterson is a highly praised British writer known for her audacious narrative style, innovative storytelling, and exploration of themes like identity, gender, and sexuality. Her literary works often challenge conventional boundaries, mingling elements of fiction, autobiography, and myth. Winterson first gained extensive recognition with her debut novel, Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985), a semi-autobiographical tale about growing up in a strict religious environment and noticing her sexuality. Her work is marked by a lyrical, often poetic prose and a deep philosophical searching of love, time, and selfhood. Over the years, Winterson has built a reputation as a daring voice in contemporary literature, known for engaging in complex themes with wit, intelligence, and emotional depth.<br />Many of her novels, such as The Passion (1987) and Written on the Body (1992), defy traditional narrative forms, and she recurrently uses fantastical elements to explore human experience. Winterson’s writing delves into the fluidity of gender and the transformative power of love, inspiring readers to rethink static notions of identity. Her bold literary experimentation and ability to intertwine themes of existential inquiry have earned her numerous honors. Beyond fiction, Winterson is also a renowned essayist and public intellectual, offering stimulating insights on art, politics, and society. Through her diverse works, she has made a long-lasting impact on both modern British literature and global researches about gender and identity.<br />The present paper first provides the literature review on Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. Then, the Malabouian critical concepts of the material, alterity without transcendence, destructive plasticity, plasticity, and trans-subjectivation shall be presented. The Material by Catherine Malabou and The Mirror Stage by Lacan would be juxtaposed. The aim would be the presentation of the way each thinker conceptualizes the formation of subjectivity in the process of subjectivation. Consequently, the core section of the study would be elaborated. It would be expressed that while Lacan’s model is rooted in the Imaginary, Malabou insists on the formative and plastic power of materiality itself. Finally, the findings of the research would be addressed in the concluding section. This comparison further allows for a critical reflection on the philosophical and political stakes of embodiment, presence, transformation, and subjectivation in contemporary theory.The present paper intends to closely explore Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985) in terms of Catherine Malabou’s concepts of the material in alterity without transcendence, plasticity, and trans-subjectivation. The significance of the other in the process of identity formation would be illustrated in the novel, and the other as Catherine Malabou’s notion of alterity without transcendence would be lime lighted as the other in the self in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. Unlike Jacques Lacan, Malabou believes that ‘the material’ plays a substantial role in the notion of the other. The attempt would be spotlighting the gaze as both the producer and product of the other which triggers the mutability of identity. In other words, the process by which the main character identifies herself as a subject would be argued. Moreover, desiring the other or craving for the desire per se would be expounded as the process toward trans-subjectivation. Due to the intrinsic plasticity of love, lust, gender, body, and femininity, Jeanette is able to transform her destructive plasticity into inconsistent trans-subjectivation. That is to say, the present study would attempt to express the materiality of identity formation in Jeanette through the lens of Catherine Malabou while it endeavors to present the way Jacque Lacan’s triad lacks the materiality. <br />Key Words: Alterity without Transcendence, Destructive Plasticity, The Material, Plasticity, Trans-Subjectivation.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_105755_0e3a7d17c77983d11970b84aab77893c.pdfدانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421The Construction of the Courtesan in Ulysses and Sin: Notes on Irish and Indian OrientalismThe Construction of the Courtesan in Ulysses and Sin: Notes on Irish and Indian Orientalism778610578910.48308/clls.2025.239393.1328FAJinanAshrafSchool of English, Dublin City UniversityJournal Article20250415The present article offers a creative and critical ‘reconstruction’ of Wajida Tabassum as a ‘lost modernist’ through an analysis of possible networks of affinities between Indian and Irish modernisms, with an emphasis on the operations of new orientalisms in the twentieth-century, through a close reading of the construction of the courtesan in James Joyce’s Ulysses and Wajida Tabassum’s Sin, translated into English by Reema Abbasi. The lack of research and critical sources in English on Wajida Tabassum, and her own marginal position as a non-elite female Indian Modernist writer (compared to other female Indian Modernists such as Rashid Jahan and Ismat Chugtai) offers an avenue to read James Joyce ‘against the grain’ or in the mode of ‘creative disaffiliation’ such that an unsettling of Joyce’s hypercanonicity renders distinct the “aesthetic qualities of minoritised literatures” (Ward 2022, 343). In this paper, I enter this debate from a comparative perspective as I examine the construction(s) and representation(s) of Eastern domestic locations such as the ‘harem’ in representative Irish and Indian Modernist texts, with a focus on James Joyce’s and Wajida Tabassum’s historic and understudied connections, their representations of colonial domestic spaces, and the representation of the feminine and ethnic other linked to the construction of the courtesan in the twentieth-century.The present article offers a creative and critical ‘reconstruction’ of Wajida Tabassum as a ‘lost modernist’ through an analysis of possible networks of affinities between Indian and Irish modernisms, with an emphasis on the operations of new orientalisms in the twentieth-century, through a close reading of the construction of the courtesan in James Joyce’s Ulysses and Wajida Tabassum’s Sin, translated into English by Reema Abbasi. The lack of research and critical sources in English on Wajida Tabassum, and her own marginal position as a non-elite female Indian Modernist writer (compared to other female Indian Modernists such as Rashid Jahan and Ismat Chugtai) offers an avenue to read James Joyce ‘against the grain’ or in the mode of ‘creative disaffiliation’ such that an unsettling of Joyce’s hypercanonicity renders distinct the “aesthetic qualities of minoritised literatures” (Ward 2022, 343). In this paper, I enter this debate from a comparative perspective as I examine the construction(s) and representation(s) of Eastern domestic locations such as the ‘harem’ in representative Irish and Indian Modernist texts, with a focus on James Joyce’s and Wajida Tabassum’s historic and understudied connections, their representations of colonial domestic spaces, and the representation of the feminine and ethnic other linked to the construction of the courtesan in the twentieth-century.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_105789_724e159afed4dec3e1f07260303bd4f2.pdfدانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421Eco-trauma: Industrial Captivity and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders in Harriet Simpson Arnow’s The Dollmakerاکو- تروما: اسارت صنعتی و اختلالات تنش زای پساترومایی در رمان عروسک ساز اثر هریت سیمپسون آرنو8710010451110.48308/clls.2024.235147.1240FAنرگسرئوف زادهدانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی،گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایرانراضیهاسلامیهاستادیار زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، گروه زبان انگلیسی، واحد پرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.مرتضیلکاستادیار زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، گروه زبان، واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.0000-0003-4409-7636Journal Article20240410Introduction: Man’s intimacy with nature serves as a necessary factor to maintain mental health in order to treat his trauma, and this issue has long been the focus of discussion for many thinkers and critics. Various viewpoints regarding the relationship between man, nature and natural phenomena have created different approaches which have expanded from ecocriticism, ecopsychology to anthropocentrism and biocentrism. The ecopsychological approach, which is an interdisciplinary perspective in the field of ecological science and philosophy, was first proposed by Theodore Roszak. With regards to the current abnormal relationship between human and nature, Roszak emphasizes the contribution of psychology in the understanding and development of this widespread pathology to provide individual and collective treatment. By adopting the ecopsychological approach, the present study examines the mental-psychological damage resulting from urbanization and industrial life in Harriette Simpson’s The Dollmaker (1954). The article analyzes the novel’s main character, Gertrude Neval, and her children Reuben and Cassie Marine, based on the consequences of the trauma of separation from nature and its post-traumatic stress disorder. By linking psychotherapy and psychopathology with nature, the research aims to bring key concepts such as ecotherapy, eco-psychotherapy and eco-psychopathology, proposed by Linda Buzzel and Ralph Metzner, into literature for the first time. Therefore, a new integrated perspective which aims to disclose the consequences of the separation of human connection with nature in recent times and its repercussions on man’s soul is discussed for the first time in this study. In addition, while emphasizing the harmony between man and nature, the researchers also note the positive and negative effects of the closeness and distance between man and nature in the research.<br />Background of the Study: A revision of what has already been done indicates that Harriette Simpsons Arnow’s trilogy including Mountain Path (1936), Hunter’s Horn (1949) and The Dollmaker (1954) have attracted very little critical attention in the form of essays, articles, books and theses. Despite the few researches which have examined Simpson’s works, so far, no research related to the subject of this article has been published. Therefore, while confirming the innovation and freshness of the upcoming study, researchers have faced new challenges. The present study intends to examine The Dollmaker for the first time by applying the ecopsychological approach and the key concepts of ecotherapy, eco-psychotherapy, eco-psychopathology. So far, no study has examined Simpson’s works based on the ecopsychological approach. <br /> Nicole Crockett in Of This Ground: Land as Refuge (2012), studies the novels, short stories and memoirs of three female writers including: Simpson, Mason, and Kingsolver whose works strongly reflect women’s feelings and connection to the land and nature of Appalachia. She believes that these novelists offer a possible solution to modern women’s concerns, and that is the connection to the land as a refuge. Interacting the land as a refuge creates a sense of calmness and satisfaction which endow special power to these novelists. Whether the characters live in nature or decide to stay in close contact with it and the environment gives them the power and ability to move forward when faced with hardships. She has divided the research into two parts. The first part includes an overview of ecofeminist literary criticism, a discussion of regionalism and an exploration of modern women’s history, while the second part depicts primary texts and their critical interpretations. Women always present their unique concerns in their works and evaluate the dominant views at the social and local levels in new ways and new times. Therefore, literary ideas that originate from the roots and identity of a writer retain their own power. This Study confirms the relevance of regionalism in the twenty-first century, and is an overview of ecofeminist literary criticism, regionalism and an exploration of modern women’s history.<br /> Reynolds in Speaking Out: Class, Race and Gender (2008), investigates the social issues during the period of a national turmoil in the United States. She examines Stuart, Kelly and Simpson’s selected works, based on class, gender and race. These works give voice to people who have always been ignored; namely, the poor, women, the non-whites who have been oppressed in a patriarchal and capitalist society that favors whites. At the beginning of each chapter, the research has an overview of history that scrutinizes the details of the daily life of the characters through literary analysis and shows the relationship between the cultural and historical events of the selected works. In the second chapter, Reynolds analyzes Stuart’s writings which use humor to depict a wide range of classes and ethnicities to challenge social reform and technological advances. In the third chapter, she analyzes Kelly’s novel, Weeds (1923). The fourth chapter begins with a review of a quarter of a century after World War I, and then depicts the Depression and World War II. In this chapter, the researcher analyzes Harriette Simpson’s The Dollmaker (1954) and shows the effects of economic problems on the family life of a woman who is forced to leave the Appalachian Mountains for a better life in the industrial city of Detroit. While focusing on American Literature, this dissertation inspects race, class discrimination, working class issues, concerns and problems of women in the American society in the selected works of the prominent novelists.<br /> Haeja K. Chung’s Harriette Simpson Arnow: Critical Essays on Her Work (1995), is a re-examination of a powerful and lesser-known American author. This collection of critical essays examines new and traditional interpretations of Simpson’s work and offers new perspectives on them. The book consists of three chapters: Arnow’s life and the critics, individual fiction, authorial views. Each chapter contains several sections. The first chapter, which includes Simpson’s personal life, is an attempt to persuade scholars to further study her published, unpublished, fiction and non-fiction works. This section contains a number of critical perspectives of Harriette Simpson Arnow as a regionalist, a social-historian, a humanist, a naturalist and a feminist up to 1980. It includes seven articles from different scholars and examines her life as a writer, her acquaintance with Harold Arnow, their marriage, artistic vision, Simpson’s chronicles of destruction, her Kentucky novels and social histories.<br />Methodology: The theoretical foundations of the current research are based on the ecopsychological approach, which studies literary works from the perspective of man’s connection with nature and the psychological effects of this union. Environmental damages and mental-psychological problems resulting from it, in different eras have marked a deep tragedy for humans and led to the formation of a new approach, called ecopsychology. For the first time, Theodore Roszak introduces ecopsychology as a concept in The Voice of the Earth (1992). With great clarity and eloquence, Roszak tried to prove the old idea that the separation of mind and nature is impossible. Ecopsychology is an approach which is formed by mixing and expanding psychology and ecology. The immediate expansion of the approach indicates its importance in the analysis of various issues relating the lives of all species as well as the lives of our only green planet. Emphasizing the relationship between humans and other species and the ecosystem, ecopsychology redefines psychology in a way that includes psychological phenomena, social relationships, and connection with nature. Ecopsychology, while emphasizing the mutual dependence of all life on the earth, considers the disconnection of psychological connection with the earth to help increase psychological suffering. This study is based on the ecopsychological approach and a synthesis of theories and key concepts of ecotherapy, eco-psychotherapy and eco-psychopathology. While providing a suitable platform for examining Simpson’s The Dollmaker, the research reveals new layers of unexplored meanings in this novel. Based on the ecopsychological approach and the works of Ralph Metzner entitled Green Psychology (1999), as well as the influential work of Linda Buzzel Ecotherapy (2009), the research presents a new theoretical framework and examines the mental-psychological tensions and trauma caused alienation from nature.<br />Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, now a new reading can be introduced for the study of The Dollmaker (`954), by Harriette Simpson. By combining the key concepts of psychotherapy and psychopathology with nature or “eco”, researchers have invented a new theoretical model for the first time to study environmental literary works. In The Dollmaker, Simpson portrays the contrast of two views: modern and rural. Modern urban life and the influence of technology have reduced or cut off human contact with nature, while rural life brings mental and emotional peace with itself. The study employs this approach as an exploratory strategy and considers the effects of the chasm between man and nature while emphasizing the consequences it has on the quality of man’s life. Researchers have introduced nature as a rich supportive environment in psychotherapy and psychopathology. By connecting these two key concepts with nature they have introduced eco-psychotherapy and eco-psychopathology to literature and have studied Harriette Simpson’s novel The Dollmaker. The research intends to display the significant role that nature possesses in psychotherapy.ارتباط انسان با طبیعت به عنوان امری ضروری جهت حفظ سلامت روحی-روانی و درمان تروما از دیرباز مورد توجه اندیشمندان و منتقدین بوده. دیدگاههای متعدد در خصوص رابطه انسان با طبیعت و پدیدههای طبیعی، رویکردهای متفاوتی را به وجود آورده که از بومگرایی، بومروانشناسی، تا انسانمداری و زیستمداری گسترده شده است. رویکرد بوم روانشناسی، که دیدگاهی است میان رشتهای در حوزه علوم و فلسفه بومشناسی، نخستین بار توسط تئودور روزاک مطرح شد. روزاک ضمن اشاره به رابطه ناهنجار کنونی بشر با طبیعت، تاکیدی خاص بر مشارکت روانشناسی در درک و توسعه این آسیب شناسی گسترده جهت فراهم آوردن درمان فردی و جمعی داشت. مطالعه پیش رو با اتخاذ رویکرد بوم روانشناسی به بررسی آسیبهای روحی-روانی حاصل از شهرنشینی و زندگی صنعتی در رمان عروسک ساز (1954)، اثر هریت سیمپسون میپردازد. جستار حاضر با تکیه برعواقب ترومای حاصل ازجدایی از طبیعت و اختلالات تنشزا پسا ترومایی آن، به تحلیل شخصیت اصلی رمان، گرترود نوال و فرزندانش روبن و کاسی مارین میپردازد. پژوهش فوق در نظر دارد با پیوند روان درمانی و آسیب شناسیروانی با طبیعت، مفاهیم کلیدی بوم درمانی، بوم-روان درمانی و آسیب شناسیبوم روانی که توسط لیندا بازل و رالف متذنر مطرح شدهاند را برای نخستین بار وارد ادبیات کند. بدین ترتیب دیدگاه تلفیقی جدیدی جهت دستیابی به عواقب گسستگی پیوند انسان با طبیعت در دنیای مدرن امروز و انعکاس آن بر روان افراد برای اولین بار در این مطالعه مطرح میگردد. علاوه بر آن پژوهشگران ضمن تاکید بر هارمونی موجود بین انسان و طبیعت اثرات مثبت و منفی قرابت و دوری انسان از طبیعت را متذکر میشوند.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_104511_16f8e8d328eb887ce0274f9244dc3e63.pdfدانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421Study of “All those things we didn’t say to each other” according to literary geography and cartographyبررسی"همه چیزهایی که نگفتیم" اثر مارک لوی از منظر جغرافیای ادبی و نقشه نگاری10111210441310.48308/clls.2024.234546.1230FAآزادهحکمیدانشگاه شهید بهشتیعلیعباسیدانشگاه شهید بهشتی0009-0003-6346-5139Journal Article20240127Introduction<br />Literary geography examines geography and literary places in relation to each other. This aspect of thematic criticism tries to examine the relationship between the writer's&the reader's mind with Collot's approach; He believes that the outside narrates the inside. In this research, we used Collot's comments to witness the transformation of the city, which has the ability to change the life of the personage. This method believes that hero's counterpart city has an active presence, it is the geography that moves the story towards unraveling the knot Story is impossible without geographical change. In this research, we’ll also examine the cartography&geography of the hero's life.<br />Background of the study<br />The emergence of the theory of geographical criticism was due to Westphal. Later, Collot changed the direction of literary geography as a branch of geographical criticism towards fantasy&lived experience. The landscape is one of the areas he’s interested in.<br />Although geography has attracted the attention of writers since the 19th century, scientific studies of literary criticism which have roots in the research of Bachelard, have been continued by Richard, Poulet and others. Moretti, Brosseau&Ferré are contemporary critics who work on this.<br />Methodology<br />Collot emphasizes a certain convergence between literature&geography: geographers find in literature the best descriptions of the emotional&symbolic relations that unite humans with environment/space&literature. It examines the hero's relationship with the place. Collot believes that there is a direct relationship between the inside, the outside&the inner state of the character is in harmony with the outside environment. The parts of triangle theory are me, the world&the word. He believes that the description of each of these three will help to describe the others.<br />Literary geography emphasizing the space described in literature, is a suitable platform for analyzing a newer aspect of texts that can be useful for literary studies&sociology of literature. The landscape can actually be the place of exchange of human&object states, body&soul states.<br />Cartography is actually a tool to discover&analyze a specific geography in literature&in this article it is used to complete the review. <br />Conclusion<br />Montreal is supposed to be a gateway to a new world for the bride&groom. Although the wedding has been canceled, Julia has come to this city with her father, where a door to a new part of life opens for her; she finds out that the man she loved is still alive. Twenty years ago, Julia, as a young student, went to Paris to continue her studies, but the events in Germany brought her to Berlin; where she meets the greatest love of his life, but Julia's father comes&forcibly returns her to New York. Twenty years later, to make up his behavior, the father tries to bring two lovers together. The route back to Berlin is exactly the same as twenty years ago; As if in order to rebuild or reconnect, you have to go back to the exact point where everything was broken. New York is always the starting point of a trip where many achievements are made. Hero doesn’t go directly from Montreal to Paris. The two first return to New York. In this book, for every task, to solve every problem, you have to go back to the beginning&the roots. Repeating the same route has another similarity with the first trip; In the first time, Julia witnesses an external revolution. In the second time, the revolution takes place within her. The first time, the wall that encloses people in East&West Germany collapses. The second one, the wall of separation between Julia&Thomas is destroyed, so the connection takes place.جغرافیای ادبی ادبیات را محور اصلی قرار میدهد و جغرافیا و مکانهای ادبی را در ارتباط با هم بررسی میکند. این جنبه نقد مضمونی و جغرافیای ادبی با رویکرد کولو میکوشد رابطه بین ذهن نویسنده و ذهن خواننده را بررسی کند؛ زیرا معتقد است بیرون درون را روایت میکند. در این پژوهش از نظرات کولو بهره گرفتهایم تا شاهد استحاله شهر باشیم که توانایی تغییر زندگی قهرمان داستان را دارد. در واقع این متد معتقد است که بررسی جغرافیای متن، دسترسی و درک جهان متن را ساده میکند، ولی در انتها خواهیم دید علاوه بر این، شهر همتای قهرمان حضور فعال دارد، این جغرافیاست که داستان را به سمت گره گشایی پیش میبرد و حل گره داستان بدون تغییر جغرافیایی ناممکن است. لوی در این کتاب داستان زندگی دختری را به تصویر میکشد که پدرش او را از مردی که دوست میداشته، جدا کرده و هم او، بیست سال بعد موجب بههم رسیدن دو دلداده میشود. وصال، دقیقا از همان مسیری میسر است که فراق در آن رخ داده است. در واقع سیر داستان و گرهگشایی آن بسیار وامدار مکان است. تکامل درست از همان مسیر تخریب امکانپذیر است. در این پژوهش همچنین به بررسی نقشه نگاری و جغرافیای زیسته قهرمان خواهیم پرداخت.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_104413_eac94b15dcdcdce12da200a61ed09542.pdfدانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421The Liminality of Subjectivity: Space and Memory Narrative in Goli Taraghi’s Two Worldsآستانگی فردیت : فضا، بازروایت خاطرات در مجموعه داستان دودنیا نوشته گلی ترقی11312410469410.48308/clls.2024.236056.1245FAمهشیدنامجودانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایرانلیلابرادران جمیلیاستادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بروجرد، ایرانJournal Article20240618Introduction: This research aims to investigate the role of geo-sociocultural liminality in the reconstruction of subjectivity and show how it can persuade a person to create a liminal ‘Self’ which eventually leads to the creation of mental space and memory narrative. The theoretical frameworks which are mainly based on Henri Lefebvre’s theories of space and Victor Witter Turner’s theory of liminality are applied to Goli Targhi’s Two Worlds.<br />Background of Study: This article focuses on Two Worlds and it is designed to study it by demonstrating the geo-sociocultural effects on subjectivity reformation. It shows that memory narrative can be viewed as a reaction to those effects on subjectivity representation and ‘Self-superimposition’. ‘Self-perception’ is categorized in three levels: ‘Self’ in the pre-liminal level, ‘Self’ in liminal status, and ‘Self’ in the post-liminal stage. Two Worlds shows not only the effects of spatiality on construction of ‘Self’ but also the unreliability of subjective truth and memories. Moreover, visualization of memories can be the product of mental space which the character uses it as a power to regain her lost subjectivity. Two Worlds portrays the attempts of an immigrant in the assimilation process; when the immigrant has to produce different ‘Self-images’, the superimposition of those images may result in the creation of mental geography because there should be a space to store the homeland’s images and memories. If the narrator cannot be involved in the act of communication and interaction, she has to find a way to reveal herself. In Two Worlds, writing is helpful in the process of ‘Self-assessment’ and ‘Self-healing’; it is a transition from liminality to post-liminality.<br />Methodology: The present study applies an interdisciplinary approach that integrates perspectives from different fields of knowledge; i.e., geography, sociology, and culture. While Lefebvre’s theories of space are used to emphasize the role of spatiality in the reconstruction of subjectivity, Turner’s theory of liminality is used to explain how geo-sociocultural in-betweenness causes ‘Self-liminality’. Through this interdisciplinary study, memory narrative is introduced as a means to help the reconstruction of subjectivity and the reconciliation between different ‘Self-images’. In other words, Henri Lefebvre’s theories of triad spaces is used to analyze the role of everyday rituals in both spatial understanding and ‘Self-perception’; the ‘Self’ is affected when the spatial representations cannot be matched with personal preferences and choices. The discrepancies between different ‘Self-images’ may result in the experience of liminality in all aspects of life; the concept of liminal subjectivity intersects with geo-sociocultural mourning and memory narrative which can be the product of culture and spatiality.<br />Conclusion: Two Worlds offers a site to study the dynamic relations between geo-sociocultural factors and subjectivity which use the memory narrative to find a connection between the ‘Self’ images in the mental space and the ‘Self’ images in public spaces. Studying Two Worlds shows that not only liminality has both spatial and temporal dimensions and can affect the process of ‘Self-reconstruction’ but it can also influence the assimilation and psychological well-being of immigrants in host countries. Experiencing ‘Self-liminality’ makes the immigrants aware of their objectification and subordination processes; they are spatial users whose roles are to improve spatial growth. This objectification is a sort of permission to be in public spaces and participate in daily rituals.بیتردید درادبیات مهاجرت، ارتباط بین فردیت و فضای ذهنی انکارناپذیر است. تعریف فرد از خود و تعریف دیگری از وی وابسته به فضای ذهنی است. این فضای ذهنی محصول عواطف، روانزخم و تجربیات فرد میباشد. در سرزمین بیگانه، فرد مهاجر نیاز بیشتری به فضای ذهنی احساس میکند، چرا که "خود وطنی" در میان انباشت ایماژهای مختلف از "خود" کمرنگ شده است و فرد حس سرگشتگی عمیقی را تجربه میکند. گلی ترقی ( 1318) در مجموعه داستان دودنیا رنجهای زن جوانی را توصیف میکند که در پی اثبات ماهیت وجودی خود به درمانگرش در کلینیک روانی در حومه پاریس است. نویسنده نقش سرزمین بیگانه بهعنوان نیروی جغرافیایی-فرهنگی-اجتماعی غالب، تاثیرات وطن و خاطرات گذشته بر روان فرد را ترسیم کردهاست. چهارچوب نظری این تحقیق بر نظریات هنری لوفور (1901)، جامعه شناس و فیلسوف فرانسوی و ویکتور ویتر ترنر (1920) انسان شناس انگلیسی استوار است. لوفور با معرفی سه فضای شخصی، عمومی و ذهنی نوع جدیدی از اعمال قدرت را نشان میدهد که فرد را مجبور به بازساخت فردیت خود و انباشت ایماژهایی مختلف از "خود" می-کند. همچنین، با استفاده از مفهوم آستانگی ترنر، حالت سرگشتگی فرد مهاجر توضیح داده میشود. این مقاله نشان میدهد چگونه وطن و خاطرات گذشته به منزله مرحله پیشازآستانگی تلقی میشود و چگونه این امر شخصیت داستان را به سوی نگارش خاطرات خود سوق میدهد.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_104694_0dc13330a7ba21c3e7eb449ec9c00d64.pdfدانشگاه شهید بهشتینقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی20087330223420250421A Comparative Study of Discursive Scenography in the Prison Poems of Nasser Khosro and François Villon Based on the Theories of Dominique Maingueneauبررسی تطبیقی صحنهپردازی گفتمانی در زندانسرودههای ناصرخسرو و فرانسوا ویون بر اساس آراء دومینیک منگنو12514010544510.48308/clls.2025.237436.1276FAفریدهعلویدانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فرانسه، دانشکدهی زبانها و ادبیات خارجی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.مهدیمهاجردانش آموخته دکترای زبان و ادبیات فرانسه، دانشکدهی زبانها و ادبیات خارجی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20241128This study undertakes a comparative analysis of the prison poetry of Nasir Khusraw and François Villon, employing the discourse analysis framework with a focus on the theories of Dominique Maingueneau in the realm of enunciation scene. The findings of this research indicate that both poets employ a form of religious scenography; however, Nasir Khusraw adopts a prophetic scenography, while François Villon gravitates toward a scenography based on suffering and victimhood. The Iranian poet seeks to utilize his literary discourse to convey moral and spiritual teachings, guiding the audience toward spiritual elevation and growth. In contrast, the French poet aims to evoke the audience's emotions and compassion, eliciting sympathy for his distressing and pitiable condition. This study, through the analysis of various discursive elements, first examines the positioning of the speaker in the poetry of both poets from the perspectives of tone and enunciation, subjectivity and objectivity, and the speaker's stance toward the depicted world. Subsequently, it delves into the narrative elements, including narrative structure, focalization, point of view, temporality, and temporal markers, as well as the role of the audience in shaping the scenography in their prison poems. Finally, the research explores the argumentative strategies and persuasive techniques employed in their poetry. The findings of this study suggest that only through a meticulous analysis of these discursive elements can one comprehend the diverse ways in which scenography is shaped and ideological meanings are conveyed in the works of these two poets.پژوهش حاضر، با نگاهی تطبیقی به حبسیات ناصرخسرو و فرانسوا ویون، به تحلیل گفتمان این دو شاعر کلاسیک پرداخته و آرای دومینیک منگنو در حوزة صحنة گفتهپردازی را مبنای بررسی خود قرار دادهاست. نتایج این مطالعه حاکی از آن است که هر دو شاعر به نوعی صحنهپردازی مذهبی متمسک شدهاند؛ با این تفاوت که ناصر خسرو به صحنهپردازی پیامبرانه روی آورده، در حالی که فرانسوا ویون به صحنهپردازی مبتنی بر رنج و قربانیبودگی گرایش یافتهاست. شاعر ایرانی در پی آن است که با بهرهگیری از گفتمان ادبی، آموزههای اخلاقی و معنوی خویش را به مخاطب انتقال دهد و او را به سوی تعالی و رشد معنوی رهنمون سازد، در حالی که شاعر فرانسوی با تحریک عواطف و احساسات، به جلب ترحم و همدلی مخاطب با وضعیت بغرنج و رقتانگیز خویش میپردازد. این پژوهش، با تحلیل عناصر گفتمانی گوناگون، نخست به بررسی موضعگیری گفتهپرداز در شعر هر دو شاعر از منظر لحن و بیان، ذهنیت و عینیت و موضع آنان نسبت به جهان توصیف شده پرداخته است. در ادامه، به تحلیل عنصر روایت از جنبههایی چون ساختار روایی، کانونیسازی، زاویة دید، زمانمندی و نشانگرهای زمانی و سهم مخاطب در شکلگیری صحنهپردازی در زندانسرودههای آنان پرداخته شدهاست. در نهایت، راهبردهای استدلالی و شیوههای اقناعی و ترغیبی در شعر آنان مورد واکاوی قرار گرفتهاست. یافتههای این تحقیق مبین آن است که تنها با تحلیل دقیق این عناصر گفتمانی است که میتوان به شیوههای متنوع شکلگیری صحنهپردازی و انتقال مفاهیم ایدئولوژیک در آثار این دو شاعر پی برد.https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_105445_eb92e770524e2f89c764103e5359934b.pdf