Fatemeh Bornaki; Javad Yaghubi Derabi
Volume 15, Issue 21 , October 2019, , Pages 33-56
Abstract
Colonialism and its literary reflections have been long interrogated in literary studies. With the advent of the 21st century, studying racial identities and how they are socio-politically otherised in the United States would reveal the rubric of identity politics that stand as an emblem of the present ...
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Colonialism and its literary reflections have been long interrogated in literary studies. With the advent of the 21st century, studying racial identities and how they are socio-politically otherised in the United States would reveal the rubric of identity politics that stand as an emblem of the present century politics. The present article is a sociopolitical analysis of racialized characters in Lorrie Moore’s A Gate at the Stairs (2009) and Claire Messud’s The Woman Upstairs (2013). Applying Chantal Mouffe’s ideas on democratic paradox and agonistic pluralism, the present study suggests that in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks, due to the feelings of anxiety and tension aroused by the 9/11 attacks, the American identities consider the racialized identities as sources of probable threats; however, those of other cultures and races are neocolonially tolerated rather than being eliminated. Hence, the hidden truth in the postmodern America, as reflected in the selected novels, is an antagonism toward those of other races or religions that is neocolonially controlled under the name of agonism.
Ali Ahmadi; Azita Aryan; Negar Sharif
Abstract
IntroductionAlthusser's superiority in twentieth-century philosophy is due to his refined definition of ideology. He provides another foundation for Marxist philosophy and he considers it as a science leading to historical materialism; thus, Althusser's definition of ideology leads to the argument ...
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IntroductionAlthusser's superiority in twentieth-century philosophy is due to his refined definition of ideology. He provides another foundation for Marxist philosophy and he considers it as a science leading to historical materialism; thus, Althusser's definition of ideology leads to the argument that capitalist societies of discourse have two distinct forms of discourse.Background StudiesPost-colonial literature in general is one of the most prominent theoretical topics and approaches in literary research within the country. However, Ishmael Reed is a lesser-known figure than his global fortune. The only article to read one of Reed's works is "Identity Transmigration Through History: The Post-Structuralist Reading of Mambo Jumbo's Novel by Ishmael Reed" by Bakhtiar Sajjadi and Somayeh Ghorbani, published in the Journal of Foreign Language and Literature Criticism. Mambo reads Jumbo according to Hayden White's views and his post-structuralist definition of history. Argument and MethodReckless Eyeballing (2000) was published fourteen years after Mambo's Jumbo novel. Both novels are mainly about exposing the hidden layers of American society's ideology. Reed was heavily criticized for criticizing feminism in major parts of the work, calling it anti-feminist. Reed says of the multilayers of these texts: "[Feminists] complain about Thermnischa Smartes for why he leaves New York for California in the final part of the story to become a kid and write, write and write." Of course, this is not in line with the goals of the new generation of feminists because they believe that they can own everything, including family and work. ” When Reed lets the term "radical have everything" as a radical feminist, he actually acquits himself on charges of being anti-feminist. This acquittal, while at the same time a clear attempt to criticize feminism, is a clear indication that a single interpretation of the novel is impossible. ConclusionReed reacts frankly to the dominant discourse of his time. In Reckless Eyeballing novel, he aims the cultral ideology to show how literature has become a tool for the ruling class instead of expressing aesthetic values. Reed mentions the names of writers such as Eugene O'Neill, Ralph Eliessen, and Zora Neil Hurston, in order to express the intentions of using allegorical or metaphorical tools, therefore it becomes the undisputed spokesman for the American cultural community. He clearly informs the reader that the author must adapt to the ruling class and the Jews in order to gain a place in American literary society. Throughout the story we see that among black men only Schubert who submits to Jewish supporters can succeed in his career. Meanwhile, Smartes has allied himself with another powerful supporter, white feminism. Reed, in fact, clearly believes that literary success is the result of timely satisfaction with political and social circles. This is also the case with Ian Ball, whose incessant search for a female supporter actually reflects his quest for fame and success. The candid and honest exposition of the ideological mechanism of culture, referring to the real and real people of its time, makes the eye more of an "exemplary literature" than a "cultural ideological mechanism". The novel becomes a tool for change because of the revelation of the ideological discourse of its time, and it distances itself from becoming a tool for promoting the values of the ruling class.
Fatemeh Khodamoradi
Volume 12, Issue 16 , April 2016, , Pages 85-107
Abstract
Literary history has proved that a literary masterpiece transcends temporal and spatial boundaries through a fluent and good translation which has a secular significance. With the help of a good translation, a national literary work is regarded as a world literature, and the role of the translator in ...
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Literary history has proved that a literary masterpiece transcends temporal and spatial boundaries through a fluent and good translation which has a secular significance. With the help of a good translation, a national literary work is regarded as a world literature, and the role of the translator in in making a literary work an international success is no less than the creator of the work. The translator paves the way for international recognition of a work and introducing the works of different poets and authors to the readers all over the world. Friedrich Rücker is one of the best-known German literary translators, who has always devoted himself to almost every Persian classical work in German, so many Persian poems were introduced into the world of German-language literature through his translations. The first section of the article presents an overview of the definition of the translation and the translation theories and in the second part, some of the Rückerts‘s translations of the poems of Sadi, Hafiz and Rumi are examined with regard to form and content. In this article it is determined whether the poetical abilities of Rückert had an influence on the translation and transmission of the meaning and content of the given poetry and whether Rückert, contributed to the worldwide fame of classical Persian works.
Volume 11, Issue 15 , October 2015, , Pages 109-129
Abstract
In addition to the economic advantages of globalization, it also causes some challenges in the field of culture. As a major challenge raised by globalization, homogenization drives aside the heterogeneous local cultures, replacing them with the homogenized global culture. Ireland has also been challenged ...
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In addition to the economic advantages of globalization, it also causes some challenges in the field of culture. As a major challenge raised by globalization, homogenization drives aside the heterogeneous local cultures, replacing them with the homogenized global culture. Ireland has also been challenged by such homogenizing global cultural flows and Brian Friel reflects such a challenge and a solution to it in his Faith Healer. For Friel, the form of monologue play is an expression of his glocal solution. Possessing the prominent features of the concept of glocalization such as interpenetration of the local and the global, heterogeneity, transcending the borders, increasing the agency of the local, monologue play provides the glocal condition for the transaction of Irish culture with global culture. Investigating Faith Healer and its performances, the present study exposes the affinities of glocalization and monologue play in Faith Healer.
Mohsen Khaleseh Dehghan; Bakhtiar Sadjadi
Volume 14, Issue 19 , October 2018, , Pages 119-140
Abstract
The present paper seeks to argue that consumption and media wield an unparalleled influence over contemporary American society, in a way that these drives constitute the primary means through which identity is constituted. Closely referring to Jean Baudrillard’s critical concepts, the present research ...
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The present paper seeks to argue that consumption and media wield an unparalleled influence over contemporary American society, in a way that these drives constitute the primary means through which identity is constituted. Closely referring to Jean Baudrillard’s critical concepts, the present research contends that the fictional characters of Bret Easton Ellis, particularly in American Psycho, are prone to this postmodern world, where all experience via consumption has become fathomless, and traditional notions of identity have been changed. Ellis’ characters oscillate between the extreme poles of violence and ennui as they do their best to prevent their psyches from collapse amidst the surrounding turmoil caused by excessive consumption. Neither one of these alternatives results in any relief. In this type of literature, the protagonists are immersed in the contemporary world of consumption and the mass media. In fact, primary interest here is on the effects of this immersion in the world of commodities on the major characters, and their reactions in the selected novel. Accordingly, dependence on possessions by the characters of the novel in order to isolate themselves from the threatening disorder of the post-modern world is the major concern of present study of the novel.
Andia Abai; Arezou Rasouli
Volume 14, Issue 18 , June 2018, , Pages 133-149
Abstract
The myth of the Grail has been formed in literature. It has been given birth by Chretien de Troyes and was influenced by holly texts. At first, the Grail is not sacred but it appears in a mysterious chain of events and gives birth to a myth which will be rewritten several times. The Grail reappears during ...
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The myth of the Grail has been formed in literature. It has been given birth by Chretien de Troyes and was influenced by holly texts. At first, the Grail is not sacred but it appears in a mysterious chain of events and gives birth to a myth which will be rewritten several times. The Grail reappears during the 19th century in a sporadic way but this myth gains its apogee in the 20th century and we can talk about a new cycle of the Grail due to authors such as Alphonse de Chateaubriant (La Reponse du Seigneur), Jean Cocteau (Les Chevaliers de la Table Ronde), Julien Gracq (Le Roi Pecheur) and Pierre Benoit (Monsalvat). So we have several novels of the Grail but they are different. In this research we try to study and deduce the rules of the evolution of this myth in French literature.
shokouh Rashvand Semiyari; مجید قربانی
Abstract
در این تحقیق تعداد ۳۶۶ نفر (۱۴۸ خانم و ۲۱۸ آقا) که در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی – واحد تهران شرق مشغول به تحصیل می باشند، شرکت کردند. آزمون استعداد یابی لاما از شرکت کنندگان ...
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در این تحقیق تعداد ۳۶۶ نفر (۱۴۸ خانم و ۲۱۸ آقا) که در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی – واحد تهران شرق مشغول به تحصیل می باشند، شرکت کردند. آزمون استعداد یابی لاما از شرکت کنندگان اخذ گردید و میزان یادگیری ساختار، واژگان و درک مطلب دانشجویان بر اساس نمرات پایان ترم آنها بررسی شد. برای تحلیل داده ها، ابتدا از اس پی اس اس و در مرحله ی بعد از نرم افزار آماری آموس استفاده شد. ابتدا مدل های اندازه گیری بمنظور بررسی تأثیر متغیرهای مستقل تحقیق (مولفه های استعداد و عامل جنسیت) بر متغیرهای وابسته (نمرات پایان ترم ساختار، واژگان و درک مطلب دانشجویان) به تفکیک ترسیم گردید. در مرحله ی آخر بمنظور بررسی مشترک و هم زمان هر دو متغیر مستقل، مدل ساختاری رسم گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که بین مولفه های استعداد و نمرات ساختار، واژگان و درک مطلب دانشجویان ارتباط معناداری وجود دارد. در حالیکه جنسیت شرکت کنندگان در آزمون ارتباط معنا داری با سازه ی استعداد و موفقیت تحصیلی آنها نداشت. تحلیل معادلات الگوی ساختاری از نوع تحلیل عاملی تأییدی نشان داد از بین مؤلفه های سازه ی استعداد، ارتباط بین نشانه ها و اصوات بیشترین تأثیر و حافظه ی آوایی کمترین تاثیر را بر نمرات ساختار، واژگان و درک مطلب دانشجویان داشته است. بر اساس یافته های این پژوهش می توان نتیجه گرفت که مولفه های سازه ی استعداد بر یادگیری ساختار، واژگان و درک مطلب دانشجویان تأثیر می گذارند.
Leila Shobeiry
Abstract
Introduction: In the present study, we investigated how the type of teaching method can affect the level of language anxiety of foreign language students. The purpose of this research is to find the answer to the basic question of how to use the best teaching method in the language class by controlling ...
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Introduction: In the present study, we investigated how the type of teaching method can affect the level of language anxiety of foreign language students. The purpose of this research is to find the answer to the basic question of how to use the best teaching method in the language class by controlling anxiety. Background of the Study: According to MacIntyre and Gardner (1994), "Language anxiety is a feeling of tension and fear that is specifically related to the context of the foreign language, including speaking, reading, listening comprehension, and learning." In 1978, Scovel decided to review all the studies on anxiety and its effect on learning a foreign language. His studies have shown that the effects of anxiety on learning a foreign language have long remained unclear. While some researchers have argued that there is no relationship between anxiety and performance in a modern language classroom setting, others have argued the opposite, that there is both crippling anxiety and beneficial anxiety. This argument was advanced by Tobias in 1979 and 1986, followed by McIntyre and Gardner (1994) who stated that disabling anxiety negatively affects learner learning and performance in the classroom.Methodology: For this purpose, a group of 40 male and female students at the pre-university level (beginner level) were selected as the statistical population. Sampling was done randomly. To begin with, French language training was conducted for two weeks (the first two weeks) with this group through the (traditional) grammar-translation method. At the end of two weeks, the FLCAS (Foreign Language Class Anxiety Scale) questionnaire was administered to this group. In the next two weeks (the second two weeks), the type of teaching method was changed from grammar-translation to the action approach, in accordance with the educational process completed in the previous two weeks, and after the end of these two weeks, the students were again tested for anxiety. The results show the fact that there is a significant relationship between the type of educational method and the level of stress of language learners and the level of anxiety of language learners during learning with an active approach is high (pre-test). In the third two weeks, we continued to teach the learners using the action approach and with the support and intervention of the empowerment course of anxiety control, and once again we took the anxiety test from the learners (post-test). Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, in general, the grammar-translation method significantly reduces the anxiety of learning a foreign language due to the use of the mother tongue in language teaching, and the action approach, despite all the advantages listed in the book Integrated Reference Framework for Languages, increases the level of anxiety in language learners. This is where strategic courses such as empowering anxiety control using a cognitive psychological method based on improving the mindset of language learners can help them change their behaviors and beliefs and thus deal with their anxiety while learning with communicative and action approaches which are among the best methods of language learning), to deal with anxiety. The results of the descriptive statistics of the students in the pre-test and post-test showed that in the pre-test of language anxiety (mean = 130.55) the students had a higher anxiety average than in the post-test (mean = 65.10). Also, based on the results of paired t-test, (t (39) = 14.14, probability = 0.000) it was concluded that the students had a significantly lower mean in the language anxiety post-test. The effect size index of the T-statistic is 14.17 equal to 0.940, which shows a large effect size. The results of this research provide a new look at the role of language education, which aims at comprehensive education. This means that education should pay attention to the mind and heart in the classroom and in addition to language content, content related to emotional-cultural and social strategies should be included in it.
Bahman Zarrinjooee
Volume 13, Issue 17 , October 2017, , Pages 147-173
Abstract
City, as an active and dynamic organism, a literary mapping of a metropolitan consciousness and a site of culture, is an emblematic space that transforms man’s daily life. Nowadays, cities are not merely more than known geographical borders but they are psycho-verbally mapped. Focusing on James Joyce’s ...
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City, as an active and dynamic organism, a literary mapping of a metropolitan consciousness and a site of culture, is an emblematic space that transforms man’s daily life. Nowadays, cities are not merely more than known geographical borders but they are psycho-verbally mapped. Focusing on James Joyce’s (1882-1941) Dublin, as the manifestation of mental, architectural materials in language in Ulysses (1922), and on Martello Tower, as a historical symbol, this paper determines how Joyce proposes an artistic and aesthetic picture of the city, its official and private places, streets, restaurants, coffeehouses, hospitals, and generally its dwellers’ customs and thoughts. In this sense, by applying Merlin Coverley’s theories, psychogeography and mapping metropolitan geography, the verbal and literary map of Dublin is analysed. Furthermore, the paper indicates how Joyce merges images of individuals, citizens, society and their urban life into psycho-images, and architectural symbols, especially the real architecture of the city based on the experiences of the characters such as Leopold Bloom, Stephen Daedalus, and Molly Bloom. On the one hand, the determinate geography of social classes in Dublin shapes and is shaped by the distribution of housing types and tenures; hence, the architecture of houses, streets, and the psycho-verbal map of those settling in these houses are engaged in a reciprocal and inseparable interaction. On the other hand, the psychogeography of characters, as intellectual and insightful walkers, is investigated while walking or strolling in various streets of Dublin. What Joyce suggests in Ulysses is to reread the exterior, architectural layers of places, particularly Martello Tower, as well as their internal layers including cultural, artistic, and socio-political and mental characteristics of characters through psycho-geographical discourse. This knowledge is resulted from the characters’ walking and waking in Dublin streets. Place, de facto, gives every reader an opportunity to understand not only the history of the city and its culture, but the ideas, thoughts, beliefs, the ways of life and the identity of its inhabitants.
Volume 10, Issue 14 , October 2015, , Pages 157-180
Abstract
Abstract Through studying classical literature and cultures of various counties, especially Persia, James Joyce has created his everlasting novel, Finnegans Wake, whose narratives can never come to an end. He creates a kind of fascinating intertextuality between these two works by using quotations without ...
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Abstract Through studying classical literature and cultures of various counties, especially Persia, James Joyce has created his everlasting novel, Finnegans Wake, whose narratives can never come to an end. He creates a kind of fascinating intertextuality between these two works by using quotations without any quotation marks and by interconnecting the Persian stories of The Thousand and One Nights with English stories and culture which involve the readers into a new verbal play of signifiers. This paper, by using the theories of Roland Barthes and Julia Kristeva and applying their theory of intertextuality, searches for the footsteps of The Thousand and One Nights in Joyce’s Finnegans Wake. Meanwhile, the paper shows that how the occurrence of events in Joyce’s novel follows the patterns of Shahrzad’s sleep and wake to lead Joyce’s characters away from their sleep or ignorance and moving toward wake or knowledge. Joyce designs a labyrinth for his readers, in his narration, which lasts many nights, even more than thousand and one nights, to enjoy and evaluate the patterns of sleep and wake. As a result of gaining the horizon of this new knowledge, his readers learn to interact and communicate with other cultures.
Saeid Rezvani
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, , Pages 157-172
Abstract
Thomas Mann has repeatedly introduced a series of themes in his fictional works over decades, so much so that they can be considered the main concerns of his intellectual career. One of the most important of these themes is the conflict between art and life or the conflict between the artist's life and ...
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Thomas Mann has repeatedly introduced a series of themes in his fictional works over decades, so much so that they can be considered the main concerns of his intellectual career. One of the most important of these themes is the conflict between art and life or the conflict between the artist's life and the that of ordinary citizens. This article contends that Mann's personal life and social-class origin have been the principal motivation for his sustained attention to this issue. He was born to a bourgeois family which, for generations, had earned a living through trade. That he chose a career in writing, against his family tradition, was probably one of the most essential factors that formed in his mind the recurring idea of contradiction between the artists and ordinary citizens’ life. In this article, art and life in Thomas Mann's works are examined by looking at Tristan. Analysis of this work reveals the conflict between art and life as well as the supremacy of life over art in Thomas Mann's thought. The work also reveals the motivation triggered by the author's personal history in creating the themes. Moreover, Tristan demonstrates some of the technical aspects of Mann's writing.
Alireza Meshkin Mehr; Mehdi Purmohammad; Musa Nushi; Mahmoud Talkhabi
Abstract
The approach of most studies examining the effect of applying brain-based learning principles in education has been to implement them in the design of the teaching content and the environment in general. Given the fact that these principles are derived from the structure and function of the human brain, ...
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The approach of most studies examining the effect of applying brain-based learning principles in education has been to implement them in the design of the teaching content and the environment in general. Given the fact that these principles are derived from the structure and function of the human brain, their individual or collective application is expected lead to tangible results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two of those principles, namely the application of different sensory inputs to a learner during the learning process and the brain is social, on the learning and retention of vocabulary of 60 of EFL leaners at an English language institute. The effect of the application of these two principles combined was also investigated in this study. This experiment employed a pre-test, post-test design using a control group and three experimental groups. Two post-tests, immediate and delayed, were administered. In order to verify the results, all the steps were repeated three times. The results indicated better performance by learners in all the three experimental conditions compared to the control condition. However, no significant difference was reported between the experimental conditions. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the results of the immediate post-tests of neither of the four groups, meaning that the traditional and experimental methods produced similar learning immediately after the treatment.
Volume 6, Issue 1 , October 2013
Volume 7, Issue 1 , June 2014
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the events in the aftermath of waterloo war and the ideology arising from it in the 19th-century England. The researchers are inclined to survey post-waterloo discourses in the light of New Historicism which is grounded on the mind-sets of the illustrious 20th-century ...
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The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the events in the aftermath of waterloo war and the ideology arising from it in the 19th-century England. The researchers are inclined to survey post-waterloo discourses in the light of New Historicism which is grounded on the mind-sets of the illustrious 20th-century philosopher, cultural historian, and archeologist Michel Foucault. The research elaborates on the crucial role the guardians of post-waterloo war ideology take in highlighting the significance of the battle in addition to explicating their role in foregrounding the weight of the English Army and its Tory commander, Lord Wellington in the victory. In this regard, Lord Byron's contemporaries' part as the cultural arm and propagandists of the dominant Tory Party has been discussed. What is more, the dominance and significance of major Tory publishers as staunch defenders of the English power structure has been analyzed in this paper. Last but not least, Lord Byron's revolutionary stance and response towards the above-mentioned ideology was illuminated in each section.
Volume 6, Issue 2 , June 2014
Abstract
Amelie Nothomb, Belgium and contemporary author of literary has remained unknown for Iranian researchers. Her regard to social issues prompted she to create one of the most prominent works, "you and chills". She tries to recounting their memories during this story. Nothomb by recalling memories in Japan ...
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Amelie Nothomb, Belgium and contemporary author of literary has remained unknown for Iranian researchers. Her regard to social issues prompted she to create one of the most prominent works, "you and chills". She tries to recounting their memories during this story. Nothomb by recalling memories in Japan and omitting the boundry between reality and fantasy, creates a world which is a combination of these elements. In this novel, the author has a critical approach towards the Japanese community (especially the administrative system). Hypocrisy, seeking profit, dry conditions in administrative system, behavior and social attitudes in Japan criticized by the author.This study attempts to analyze the themes of this novel and to indicate the author's critical view.
Seyedeh Roghayeh Aleshafiee
Volume 12, Issue 16 , April 2016, , Pages 15-30
Abstract
The present research attempts to accomplish a re-reading of the novel Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut, specifically in the light of Gilles Deleuze’s theoretical frame of mind centralized on the notion of ‘becoming’. This central idea of becoming versus being grounds Deleuze’s philosophical ...
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The present research attempts to accomplish a re-reading of the novel Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut, specifically in the light of Gilles Deleuze’s theoretical frame of mind centralized on the notion of ‘becoming’. This central idea of becoming versus being grounds Deleuze’s philosophical and critical approach toward every phenomenon, and particularly, discourse such as art, philosophy and literature. Like other post-structuralists, Deleuze believes that the major problem with the traditional Western thought since the time of Plato has been the essentiality of transcendentalism and concludes that this needs to be subverted. He accomplishes his theory by verifying the necessity of overcoming Platonism and thus, authorizing becoming. In fact, by deviating from an established origin or transcendental universe we ground the thought on the immanence of becoming. In this view, everything is just flowing in the flux of becoming-life. From Deleuze’s viewpoint, philosophy, literature and science are the powers of becoming by entailing new non-actualized possibilities. Accordingly, the present research reads through the lines of Slaughterhouse-Five as a text of becoming opposed to verisimilitude. This study tries to show the dominance of Deleuzean thought through the investigation of elements like form, the episodic narrative, the split time and psyches of characters, as well as the absence of causal relation between events. Thus, it is found that under the light of Deleuze’s notion of minor literature, Slaughterhouse-Five brings various forms of becoming in play to liberate text, thought, philosophy, history and life itself from the pre-determined images and definitions in order to show how the writer tried to cope with the traumatic memory of war and massacre by experiencing different forms of becoming and re-narrating war events from different perspectives.
saghar Javidpour; Marzieh Athari Nik Azm
Volume 15, Issue 21 , October 2019, , Pages 103-126
Abstract
In this study, based on a work being fun and useful in language learning, so popular not only in the world but also in Iran., we analyze the translation of illustrated books of Tin tin. Our subject is twelve volumes of the collections "The Adventures of Tin tin and Snowy", also known as Comic Strip. ...
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In this study, based on a work being fun and useful in language learning, so popular not only in the world but also in Iran., we analyze the translation of illustrated books of Tin tin. Our subject is twelve volumes of the collections "The Adventures of Tin tin and Snowy", also known as Comic Strip. The author of this twenty-two-volume series, Georges Prosper Remy, was renowned for Hergé, a Belgian writer and cartoonist, whose reputation is due to the adventures of Tin tin. The translator of these books is Khosrow Samiyi. In Iran, the permission of publication of this collection was given to Universal Publishing, which has printed only twelve volumes. In this study, we have reviewed the translation of this series of stories and put forward a few fundamental questions: Has the translator observed the author's points of view? Has the translator correctly interpreted cultural concepts and factors in an illustrated book? How did the translator translate the style of the author? In fact, our goal is to examine the important factors in translating an illustrated book. To this end, we have used semantic theory of viewpoints; and based on this theory, we have reviewed the translation of books. It is a new theory already used in linguistic studies but also in the field of translation studies, thanks to which the result will be more in-depth.
Adeleh Heidari; Azizollah Dabaghi; Hossein Barati
Volume 13, Issue 17 , October 2017, , Pages 117-146
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of explicit and implicit instruction on learning and retention of metaphor-based economic terms on the part of Iranian language learners of Economics. The participants were four intact parallel groups of 75 sophomores of Economics .Three groups ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of explicit and implicit instruction on learning and retention of metaphor-based economic terms on the part of Iranian language learners of Economics. The participants were four intact parallel groups of 75 sophomores of Economics .Three groups were instructed through explicit instruction methods, that is, etymological elaboration, contextual definitions, and L1 translation, and one group through an implicit method of instruction. The results of the study indicated that in terms of learning, the participants in 'etymological elaboration' outperformed the other groups in the vocabulary test. They also showed that the participants in 'Contextual Definitions', 'Implicit Instruction' and 'Translation' groups did not perform significantly different from each other. Regarding retention, the test showed a significant difference between the means of the Etymological Elaboration Group, on one hand and Contextual Definition and Implicit Instruction groups, on the other hand. Similarly, the difference between the Implicit Instruction and Translation groups was statisticallysignificant.
Sohrab Tavousi; shohreh chavoshian
Abstract
Abstract Environment and its problems is the subject of study for many contemporary thinkers. Indeed, an environmental study is a field where humane and natural sciences, in the shape of man and nature, are combined. Ecocriticism is a branch of literary criticism which deals with the relationship between ...
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Abstract Environment and its problems is the subject of study for many contemporary thinkers. Indeed, an environmental study is a field where humane and natural sciences, in the shape of man and nature, are combined. Ecocriticism is a branch of literary criticism which deals with the relationship between literary work and its natural surroundings. One of the most important branches of ecocriticism is deep ecology. In deep ecology, the equality between human and nonhuman animals is of vital importance. In this regard, the research in hand, focusing on Vladimir Nabokov’s Pnin, has criticized this novel based on ecocriticism and particularly deep ecology. This article shows how Nabokov has selected a structure based on a character whose most distinguished attachment is to a squirrel. Pnin, the protagonist of the story, is an exiled Russian professor of an American university and the only living creature that comes to his life now and then is a squirrel. The presence of squirrel is so recurring and significant that it tacitly represents the author’s special purpose in making such vicinity. Beside similarities between the main character of the novel and the squirrel, the novel in general has a similar structure to the shape and life of the animal. In this article, first the theoretical framework of the study including ecocriticism and deep ecology are defined, then squirrel’s life style, in city and in jungle, are depicted scientifically. The last part of the study includes the analysis of the researcher on the novel to investigate the complicated structural, as well as characterization, similarities between Pnin and squirrel. The article comes to the ultimate conclusion that Pnin is an example of Nabokov’s respect to nature and the equality, he believed, between human and animal which is also seen in his letters and interviews. This is similar to the principle deep ecology penned down during the same years Nabokov was handling Pnin.
Volume 11, Issue 15 , October 2015, , Pages 131-148
Abstract
In the age of considerable progress in technology by simulation, machines have become the extension of human bodies and have blurred the boundary between nature and culture. The researcher investigates Margaret Atwood’s environmental concerns who demands a theoretical framework regarding the cultural ...
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In the age of considerable progress in technology by simulation, machines have become the extension of human bodies and have blurred the boundary between nature and culture. The researcher investigates Margaret Atwood’s environmental concerns who demands a theoretical framework regarding the cultural system as ecological phenomena. Throughout this article, the researcher re- evaluates what it is to be human in Oryx and Crake (2003) and attempts to define the posthuman condition and the notion of ecposthumanism. It also investigates the deconstruction of the humanist vision through such a posthumanist reading of Margaret Atwood’s novel and highlights the possibility of the posthuman and the human being able to survive together in a dystopia created by harsh intervention of human to the realm of nonhuman. The researcher through the lens of posthumanism as one branch of ecocriticism investigatesAtwood's characters and the role of technology and nature
Saghi Farahmandpour; Mohammad Ziar
Volume 15, Issue 20 , April 2018, , Pages 139-155
Abstract
So far, many have interpreted Noah's flood poem written by Alfred de Vigny. Most commentators have considered the themes of this poem influenced by the horrific events and frustrations of Vigny's personal and social lives, without focusing on the basis of the poem itself. The main purpose of this paper ...
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So far, many have interpreted Noah's flood poem written by Alfred de Vigny. Most commentators have considered the themes of this poem influenced by the horrific events and frustrations of Vigny's personal and social lives, without focusing on the basis of the poem itself. The main purpose of this paper is to use the Heidegger's phenomenology to focus on the poem itself and to interpret its theme, i.e., unkindness of God, anger of nature, tear and the outburst as an integral part of the foundational essence of human existence. Noah's flood poem is a poem related to the human existence.
This poem describes a human being that does not escape from the confrontation with two phenomena of emancipation and anxiety rooted in his human position and achieves individuality. Such a human being loves freedom free from any outside authority and show outburst.
ُSeyed Abolghassem Fatemi Jahromi; Ali Derakhshesh
Volume 14, Issue 19 , October 2018, , Pages 141-168
Abstract
Currently well-developed lines of theory and research on self-regulated learning (SRL) consider learners’ motivational beliefs as a precursor to the use of strategies. In accordance with this, the purpose of the present study was to explore the predictive power of five motivational factors (task interest, ...
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Currently well-developed lines of theory and research on self-regulated learning (SRL) consider learners’ motivational beliefs as a precursor to the use of strategies. In accordance with this, the purpose of the present study was to explore the predictive power of five motivational factors (task interest, outcome expectation, self-efficacy, goal orientation, and causal attribution) in language learning on undergraduates’ potential to utilize self-regulatory strategies. To this end, data were collected from 308 university students representing a variety of proficiency levels. Participants answered the Persian version of a newly developed instrument called Self-Regulated Language Learning Questionnaire (SRLLQ) which comprises a Motivational Beliefs and a Self-Regulatory Strategies dimension. Results from multiple regression analyses showed that only goal orientation, outcome expectation, and self-efficacy were strong predictors of students’ capacity to use self-regulatory strategies. Although only three motivational beliefs had significant predictive effects, generally this finding lends credence to the key role that motivational beliefs play in directing and controlling learners’ effort to learn, which in turn leads to improved academic performance. Based on the findings, several recommendations are made for guidance to stakeholders in promoting learners’ second language (L2) achievement in the context of universities.
ّFarahnaz Taghipour; Leilie Mesgarzadeh Aghdam
Abstract
Curriculum is a pre-regulated document that includes the general learning goals, the goals for any of the provided subjects, teaching activities and evaluating methods. Nowadays, by the increase in the number of foreign language students, teaching language has gained a considerable importance and a great ...
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Curriculum is a pre-regulated document that includes the general learning goals, the goals for any of the provided subjects, teaching activities and evaluating methods. Nowadays, by the increase in the number of foreign language students, teaching language has gained a considerable importance and a great number of these students study language through their university education. Hence, an integrative curriculum could meet the needs of the students and the education system. The curriculum of teaching German language major in master’s program in Islamic Azad University has been prepared around 20 years ago in order to train qualified people for teaching this language in the universities and higher education institutes to meet the needs of the society by providing the professional human resources in the field of research in teaching language. This curriculum could not meet all the needs of the current students of German language teaching major in master’s program and it is not able to train the students with adequate skills for teaching German language. This research tries to study the current curriculum and provides solutions to improve it. For this purpose, the information was generally collected from library studies including articles, thesis and books related to teaching. Also, in the field study, the statistical research was carried out by studying 20 students of German language teaching in the master’s program of IAU Science and Research Branch, Tehran. Initially, the prerequisites and main subjects provided in this curriculum were studied and the objectives, weaknesses and strengths of this curriculum are considered. Subsequently, the students’ opinions were analyzed and ultimately, a set of recommendations are provided to improve the curriculum through considering the carried-out studies on the curriculum of German language teaching in the master’s program of IAU Science and Research Branch, Tehran, and the carried-out survey summary. It could be generally claimed that the teaching units provided in German language teaching major is theoretical and the lack of practical experiences is considerably felt among the graduates of this major. Additionally, due to the curriculum being outdated, a need for updating and revising the curriculum, considering the latest research in the field of teaching, seems necessary. Considering the fact that further education for the students of all majors related to German language in Ph.D., in state universities and IAU, is only possible in German language teaching major, the new curriculum should be designed so that it could provide the basis for the further education, while meeting the specific needs in this course.
Mohammad Reza Farsian; Nasrin Esmaeili
Volume 14, Issue 18 , June 2018, , Pages 151-169
Abstract
Today, with the rapid development of science and technology and cultural, economic ties etc... translations is inevitable and translators that are in the front line of this communication-centered world should be familiar with theories of translation for providing translations by low error percentage, ...
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Today, with the rapid development of science and technology and cultural, economic ties etc... translations is inevitable and translators that are in the front line of this communication-centered world should be familiar with theories of translation for providing translations by low error percentage, and take action to solve the translation problems by virtue of these theories and also being fully aware. Among contemporary French theorists in the field of translations, Antoine Berman has raised 13 erroneous tendencies by translators that cause distortion on the original text. The study is intending to peruse the novel “Alien” by M. Albert Camus translated by Mehran Zendebudi based on seven cases of Text Distortion System of Bremen. Alien is one the most outstanding works by this writer that is the most well-known one in Iran as well, it is because approximately nine versions of this book has been released in Iran. Authors will endeavor to elaborate created distortions by examples and represent the proposal translation in some cases and consequently reply to this question that whether the mentioned distortion system by Berman can be applicable in Persian translations criticis
abdolbaghi rezaei talarposhti; fahimeh hokmabadi; Behzad Pourgharib
Abstract
پسامدرنیسم به عنوان یک مکتب ادبی همواره با مضامینی همچون ابهام، پیچیدگی و عدم قطعیت شناخته میشود. از جمله این مفاهیم میتوان به وانمایی و فراواقعیت اشاره کرد؛ مفاهیمی ...
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پسامدرنیسم به عنوان یک مکتب ادبی همواره با مضامینی همچون ابهام، پیچیدگی و عدم قطعیت شناخته میشود. از جمله این مفاهیم میتوان به وانمایی و فراواقعیت اشاره کرد؛ مفاهیمی متعلق به ژان بودریار، فیلسوف و نظریهپرداز معاصر فرانسوی که از آثار وی در ابعاد مختلف پسامدرنیسم استفاده میگردد. از دیدگاه بودریار، امروزه واقعیت جایگاه حقیقی خود را از دست داده و به واسطهی مفهوم وانمایی و سیطرهی آن بر تمامی ابعاد زندگی بشر به فراواقعیت بدل شدهاست. از طرفی بودریار مدعی است این مفاهیم متأثر از سلطهی روزافزون رسانههای جمعی و تکنولوژی پیشرفته منجر به ظهور وضعیت پسامدرن شدهاند. وی نمونه بارز چنین وضعیتی را جامعهی آمریکا میداند، جامعهای که آن را مصرفگرا نیز نامیده است. رمان برفک اثرنویسندهی معاصر آمریکایی، دان دلیلو، وضعیت پسامدرن حاکم بر جامعهی آمریکا را به خوبی به تصویر کشیده است. لذا این مقاله ضمن تشریح آرای بودریار در بستر فضای پسامدرن رمان، حقیقت گمشده عصر حاضر را ناشی از تسلط فرهنگ مصرفگرایی و گسترش وسایل ارتباط جمعی میداند.