ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Veiled Bestsellers: The Re-emergence of Harem Literature in the post-Terror Era
This article, through a post-colonial feministic approach and the deployment of ideas by Whitlock, J. Butler and Emanuel Levinas tries to focus on the re-emergence of “Harem literature” through the new genre of Veiled Best-sellers. To this end, it focuses on the Sasson’s Mayada: The Daughter of Iraq (2003) to discuss how such works have been abused to endorse neo-liberal policies and to justify the West’s attack on Afghanistan and Iraq; it, also, reveals how such works have been in line with the western policies of “war against terror.” It is argued that, despite the West’s attempt to attribute the popularity of such post- 9/11 works to the “white man’s burden” towards his “oriental sister” at that time, such “other-oriented” ethical discourse brings about no end to the liberal conception of subjectivity (as defined by modernist binary oppositions). On the other hand, it once more pushes the liberal humanism’s discourse of western racial supremacy and consequently justifies the neo-colonial wave in the West.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100122_14ba8b8e29400886390f64386417d17f.pdf
2019-05-22
143
164
10.29252/clls.16.22.143
post-colonial Feminism
Veiled Best-sellers
“the self/ the other
” subjectivity
9/11
third-world women
Zahra
Taheri
taherzahra2003@yahoo.com
1
University of Kashan
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identity Knowledge and Identity of Posthuman Subjects in Cyberpunk Fiction
Cyberpunk is one of the latest genres in the development of science fiction. In it, characters deal with various cybernetic and technological advancements with futuristic affinities. In this genre, characters experience such futuristic advancements through a series of images and surface values. In the present study, it is asked what the status of characters’ knowledge and identity is in the cyberpunk world. Through utilization of ideas of Garfield Benjamin and William Haney, two well-known critics in Cyberculture and Posthuman/Cyborg Identity, the study believes that cyberpunk citizens’ knowledge and definition from their identities is shattered and non-essential. Cyberpunk citizens have fluid movement between their various identities and have a simultaneous sense of belonging and non-belonging to all of them. All these identities are formed around the hollowness and emptiness of the citizens’ identity core, which is the only essence of posthuman subjects.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100138_3ec9685c334e2d3f4fc4afe5fc245607.pdf
2019-05-22
77
98
10.29252/clls.16.22.77
Cyberpunk
Cyborg
Posthuman
Knowledge
identity
Hossein
Mohseni
h_mohseni@sbu.ac.ir
1
PhD Candidate- English Language and Literature - Shahid Beheshti University
AUTHOR
Kian
Soheil
ks1348@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor- English Language and Literature - Shahid Beheshti University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Translation and Singability of Songs in Persian Dubbed Animated Feature Films
Songs play an influential role in some specific genres of audiovisual products such as musical animations. In recent years, audiovisual translation has attracted a worldwide attention, yet relatively little research has been conducted on song translation, highlighting the need for more research and study. The present research was an attempt to investigate the singability of songs in Persian dubbed animation, as it has not been studied thoroughly in the Iranian context. The model which was a combination of two models for analyzing singability of songs Franzon’s (2008) and low’s (2003, 2005, 2008) —the pre-existing music, prosodic match, poetic match, semantic–reflexive match, sense, naturalness, lip-synchronization—were applied to the songs translated in the dubbed versions of eleven English language animations to explore the methods of song translation and singability. The initial analysis suggested that more than half of the songs were left untranslated in the dubbed versions that means the viewers had this chance to listen to songs in English. The other side of the analysis suggested the dubbing team adapted the translated lyric to music in most cases, which shows it was important for them not to change the music. Further analysis revealed that elements of prosodic match, poetic match and semantic-reflexive components were preserved and recreated in somecases in the dubbed version even though they were also affected by the lip-synchronization, as a dubbing constraint.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100131_e6f885030924061963e4f69154e93e04.pdf
2019-05-22
271
295
10.29252/clls.16.22.271
songs
animations
translation strategies
dubbing
singability
Binazir
Mohammad Alizadeh
binazir.mohamadalizadeh@mail.um.ac.ir
1
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
محمدرضا
هاشمی
hashemi@mail.um.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
مسعود
خوشسلیقه
khoshsaligheh@mail.um.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Semiotic Analysis of Tajik Children and Adolescence Stories
Stories reflect intellectual and cultural foundations of each society and discovering the elements of the infrastructure and underlying layers of story, represents social specifications of each nation. This research is tries to apply semiotic approach and pattern of Gramies actors in the analysis of Tajik children and adolescence stories and find out the cultural and educational infrastructural latent in these in that country. For this purpose, 5 stories from 100 Tajik children and adolescence story books as targeted sampling have been chosen. The findings of this research show that these stories try to lead and approach addressee to notions and messages such as self esteem, helping the oppressed, brevity, respecting parents, freedom and preventing some beliefs or concepts such as laziness, arrogance and tyranny.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100120_e9931f9a51a556fab59af8655865b3c4.pdf
2019-05-22
13
36
10.29252/clls.16.22.13
semiotics
Gramies
Actors Model
Tajik Children and Adolescence Stories
ali
karimi firozjaei
alikarimif@yahoo.com
1
payame- noor university/ member of faculty
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammadreza
Ahmadkhani
dr.ahmadkhani@gmail.com
2
payame- noor university/ member of faculty
AUTHOR
Nahid
Abbasi
nahidabbasicccp@yahoo.com
3
student/ payame- noor university
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
نقش ایدئولوژی و نشان در روایت های وی اس نایپال در رمان خانه ای برای آقای بیسواس و در کشوری آزاد
مقاله ی حاضر بر آن است تا با استفاده از نظریات لویی آلتوسر در تعریف "ایدئولوژی ساختاری" و همچنین نظریات ژاک دریدا در تبیین مفهوم "نشان" به بررسی ساختار روایت وی اس نایپل در رمان خانه ای برای آقای بیسواس و در کشوری آزاد بپردازد. در نگاه آلتوسر، ایدئولوژی توهمی است که وضیعت واقعی / عینی را پنهان می سازد و از این رو نوعی "آگاهی کاذب" را ایجاد می کند تا بدین وسیله اثر ایدئولوژیک خود را استمرار ببخشد. به عبارتی دیگر، ایدئولوژی رابطه فرد را با واقعیت بیرون متوهم می سازد. در رمان خانه ای برای آقای بیسواس و در کشوری آزاد نایپل تلاش میکند تا ساختار روایتش را براساس طرحی ایدئولوژیک و با "فراخواندن" پی درپی قهرمان داستان به عنوان "دیگری" پی ریزی نماید، تا بدین وسیله دوگانگی نهادینه شده در روایتش را به گونه ای پوشش دهد. نایپل بعضاً در جایگاه یک ایدئولوگ، ایدئولوژی استعمارگرانه ای را در قالب روایت بیان میکند تا شاید بدین وسیله از یک سو آگاهی حاصل از خاستگاه استعماری خود را به رخ بکشد و از سوی دیگر تاثیر ژرف ایدئولوژی ها را در روایت نشان دهد و بتواند بدین وسیله خود را مستقل از تاثیر ایدئوژیک روایتش نشان دهد. حال آنکه او خود مبتلا به است. ساختار روایت او و رد و "نشان" باقی مانده از نظام معنایی آثارش این طرح را کاملاً برملا می سازد. اینجاست که اثر نایپل صرفاً فراتر از محصول مستقیم گفتمان حال حاضر خودش ظاهر می شود. وی خود محبوس در ایدئولوژی ساختاری و مدام در در حال "فراخوانده شدن" است و آثارش هر چند به ظاهر مستقل از عاقبت و سرنوشت خویش، اما به یمن بستر روایت گونه این دوگانگی را نشان می دهند.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100136_13107801acc16296798e3db53aa73fa2.pdf
2019-05-22
59
76
10.29252/clls.16.22.59
آلتوسر-ایدئولوژی-
دریدا- فراخوانده شدن –نشان –دیگری
Mohammad Sadegh
Zarei
dmsadegh@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University Tehran Central Branch
LEAD_AUTHOR
شیده
احمدزاده
sheed9@gmail.com
2
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Effect of Applying Brain-based Learning Principles on the Learning and Retention of Vocabulary by EFL Learners
The approach of most studies examining the effect of applying brain-based learning principles in education has been to implement them in the design of the teaching content and the environment in general. Given the fact that these principles are derived from the structure and function of the human brain, their individual or collective application is expected lead to tangible results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two of those principles, namely the application of different sensory inputs to a learner during the learning process and the brain is social, on the learning and retention of vocabulary of 60 of EFL leaners at an English language institute. The effect of the application of these two principles combined was also investigated in this study. This experiment employed a pre-test, post-test design using a control group and three experimental groups. Two post-tests, immediate and delayed, were administered. In order to verify the results, all the steps were repeated three times. The results indicated better performance by learners in all the three experimental conditions compared to the control condition. However, no significant difference was reported between the experimental conditions. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the results of the immediate post-tests of neither of the four groups, meaning that the traditional and experimental methods produced similar learning immediately after the treatment.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100129_ae3c299e4f44020e7f9f93f8f75305fb.pdf
2019-05-22
239
270
10.29252/clls.16.22.239
Alireza
Meshkin Mehr
ar.meshkin@gmail.com
1
The Institute for Cognitive Science Studies
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Purmohammad
m_purmohammad@yahoo.com
2
The Institute for Cognitive Science Studies
AUTHOR
Musa
Nushi
m_nushi@sbu.ac.ir
3
Shahid Beheshti University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Talkhabi
talkhabi@iricss.org
4
The Institute for Cognitive Science Studies
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Ecocritical Reading of Vladimir Nabokov's Pnin
Abstract Environment and its problems is the subject of study for many contemporary thinkers. Indeed, an environmental study is a field where humane and natural sciences, in the shape of man and nature, are combined. Ecocriticism is a branch of literary criticism which deals with the relationship between literary work and its natural surroundings. One of the most important branches of ecocriticism is deep ecology. In deep ecology, the equality between human and nonhuman animals is of vital importance. In this regard, the research in hand, focusing on Vladimir Nabokov’s Pnin, has criticized this novel based on ecocriticism and particularly deep ecology. This article shows how Nabokov has selected a structure based on a character whose most distinguished attachment is to a squirrel. Pnin, the protagonist of the story, is an exiled Russian professor of an American university and the only living creature that comes to his life now and then is a squirrel. The presence of squirrel is so recurring and significant that it tacitly represents the author’s special purpose in making such vicinity. Beside similarities between the main character of the novel and the squirrel, the novel in general has a similar structure to the shape and life of the animal. In this article, first the theoretical framework of the study including ecocriticism and deep ecology are defined, then squirrel’s life style, in city and in jungle, are depicted scientifically. The last part of the study includes the analysis of the researcher on the novel to investigate the complicated structural, as well as characterization, similarities between Pnin and squirrel. The article comes to the ultimate conclusion that Pnin is an example of Nabokov’s respect to nature and the equality, he believed, between human and animal which is also seen in his letters and interviews. This is similar to the principle deep ecology penned down during the same years Nabokov was handling Pnin.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100117_2ea84c0d313db200bd342063e7c0b14d.pdf
2019-05-22
119
142
10.29252/clls.16.22.119
Ecocriticism
Vladimir Nabokov
Squirrel
Deep Ecology
Sohrab
Tavousi
s.tavoosy@gmail.com
1
Iaud. North Tehran Branch
LEAD_AUTHOR
shohreh
chavoshian
sh.chavoshian@yahoo.com
2
iran, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch
AUTHOR
References: Works Cited:
1
Adler, Bill. Outwitting Squirrel. 2nd Ed. Chicago: CRP, 1988.
2
Bader, Julia. Crystal Land: Artifice in Nabokovâs English Novels. California: CUP, 1972.
3
Barabtarlo, Gennady. Fathom of Fact: A Guide to Nabokovâs Pnin. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Ardis Publication, 1989.
4
Boyd, Brian. Vladimir Nabokov: The American Years. Princeton: PUP, 1991.
5
Clancy, Laurie. Novels of Vladimir Nabokov. London & Basingstoke: the Macmillan Press Ltd., 1984.
6
Cohen, Walter. The Making of Nabokovâs Fiction. Durham: Duke UP, 1983.
7
Derrida, Jacques. The Animal That Therefore I Am. Ed. Marie-Louise Mallet. Tr. David Wills. New York: Fordham UP, 2008.
8
Fiamengo, Janice A. Other Selves: Animals in the Canadian Literary Imagination. Ottawa: OUP, 2007.
9
Frank, Siggy. Nabokovâs Theatrical Imagination. Cambridge: CUP, 2012.
10
Fudge, Erika. Animal. London: Reaktion Books, 2012.
11
Gerrard, Greg. Ecocriticism. London & New York: Routledge, 2004.
12
Glaofelty, Cheryll, and Fromm, Harold. The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Athens and Lonidon: the GUP, 1996.
13
Grams, Paul. âPnin: The Autobiographer as Meddler.â The Garland Companion to Vladimir Nabokov. Ed. Vladimir E. Alexandrov. London &New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 1995.
14
Grams, Paul. âPnin: The Biographer as Meddler.â Art and Exile: Nabokovâs Pnin. London & New York: Routledge, 2001.
15
Hemmatyar, Niloofar. Soheil, Kian. âLiberal Humanism in Dickensâs Representation of Animal and Human Relations.â C.L.L.S. Vol.16, No21, Autumn and Winter 2019.(103-132)
16
Levinas, Emanuel. Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority. 4th ed. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
17
Long, Kim. Squirrel: A Wildlife Handbook . Maryland: Johnson Books, 1995.
18
Milovanovic, Milica.âThe Journey to the Center of Uncertainty: Narrative Style in Nabokovâs Pninâ. European Journal of Language and Literature Studies. Sep/Dec 2017, Vol. 3. Issue 3.
19
Nabokov, Vladimir. Bend Sinister. New York: Vintage International, 1990.
20
Nabokov, Vladimir. Lectures On Literature. San Diego, New York, London: A Harvest Book, 1980.
21
Nabokov, Vladimir. Lolita. 2nd ed. New York: Vintage International, 1997.
22
Nabokov, Vladimir. The Real Life of Sebastian Knight. New York: New Directions Books, 1968.
23
Naess, Arne. âThe Shallow and the Deep: Long-range Ecology Movements: A Summary.â Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 16 (May 1973): 95-100.
24
Naiman, Eric. Nabokov, Perversely. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2010.
25
Norman, Will. Nabokov: History and the Texture of Time. London & New York: Routledge, 2016.
26
Pellerdy, Marta. Nabokovâs Palace: The American Novels. New Castle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010.
27
Rampton, David. Vladimir Nabokov: A critical Study. Hampshire & London: the MacMillan Press Ltd., 1993.
28
Rowe, W. W. âPninâs Uncanny Looking Glassâ. A Book of Things About Nabokov. Ed. Proffer, R. Carl. Arbor, Ann. Michigan: Ardis Publication, 1974.
29
Session, George. Deep Ecology for the Twenty-First Century. Boston & London: Shambhala Publication: 1995.
30
Shrayer, Maxim D. The World of Nabokovâs Stories. Texas: TUP, 1999.
31
Thorington, Richard W. and Ferrell, Katie. Squirrel: the Animal Answer Guide. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 2006.
32
Toker, Leona. Nabokov: The Mystery of Literary Structures. Ithaca & London: CUP, 1989.
33
Zarrinjooee, Bahman. âThe Discourse of Othering Nature: Postcolonial Ecocritical Reading of wild Rare Animals in Amitav Ghoshâs The Hungry Tide.â C.L.L.S. Vol.14, No18, Spring and Summer 2017. (296-313)
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Study of the Concept of the Subaltern in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake
This article aims to investigate the different effects of the concept of the subaltern in the major characters of Lahiri’s The Namesake in terms of Gayatri Spivak and Homi Bhabha’s theories. One of the important and central issues in cultural studies and postcolonial literature, which has received much attention in the recent decades, is the notion of the subaltern. The central questions of the article are: Can the components associated with the concept of the subaltern be traced in The Namesake? How do the main characters react to their portrayal as ‘the other’ and ‘the inferior’? Do they manage to ‘speak’ and construct an identity that negates ‘otherness’ and ‘inferiority’? To answer the questions, manifestations of the concept of the subaltern are analyzed in the demeanor, identity and social interactions of Ashima (the main character of the first generation) and Gogol (the main character of the second generation). Ashima and Gogol’s conscious and unconscious strategies for liberation from subalternity and creation of a socially equal identity are also explored. The article shows that in The Namesake, immigration affects not only the identity of the first generation immigrants but also the identity of their children. Subalternity is discernible in Ashima’s arranged marriage, her sheer dependence on her family and husband, pregnancy, immigration and also in Gogol’s name and his relationships with white Americans. Ashima, who initially rejects the Western culture, gradually comes to appreciate it and adapt herself to it. Also, Gogol who always shunned his true identity and cultural roots, in time takes interest in Indian culture. The article also indicates that hybrid and ambivalent identities create a voice for subalterns and give them a sense of power and belonging, so much so that they become ‘the self’ (in contrast with ‘the other’) in the new cultural context.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100124_79493df4316602e7a3ee904e70a0aec0.pdf
2019-05-22
165
190
10.29252/clls.16.22.165
cultural studies
Postcolonial Reading
Subaltern
identity
Immigration
hybridity
ambivalence
Alireza
Farahbakhsh
farahbakhsh2000@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor in English Language and Literature, University of Guilan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rezvaneh
Ranjbar Sheykhani
rezvaneh_ranjbar@yahoo.com
2
M. A. Holder in English Language and Literature, University of Guilan
AUTHOR
Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin, editors. The Post-Colonial Studies Reader. London: Routledge, 1995.
1
Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin. Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies. London: Routledge, 1998.
2
Barker, Chris. The SAGE Dictionary of Cultural Studies. London: SAGE Publications, 2004.
3
Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994.
4
Bhalla, Tamara. âBeing (and Feeling) Gogol: Reading and Recognition in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the U.S., vol. 37, no. 1, 2012, pp. 105-129.
5
Bhatt, Mahesh Bharatkumar. âStruggle to Acculturate in The Namesake: A Comment on Jhumpa Lahiriâs Work as Diaspora Literature.â IMDS Working Paper Series, no. 18, 2009, pp. 37-49.
6
Bran, Ramona-Alice. Immigration: âA Lifelong Pregnancyâ? An Analysis of Jhumpa Lahiriâs Fiction. PhD dissertation. Technical University of Dortmund, 2014.
7
Caesar, Judith. âGogolâs Namesake: Identity and Relationships in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â Atenea, vol. 27, no. 1, 2007, pp. 103-119.
8
Chaudhry, Anju. âA Critical Analysis of Identity Crisis in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL), vol. 4, no. 4, 2016, pp. 205-209.
9
Concilio, Carmen. âFrom West Bengal to New York: The Global Novels of Jhumpa Lahiri and Kiran Desai.â Urban Cultures of/in the United States: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, edited by Andrea Carosso, Burn: Peter Lang, 2010, pp. 87-120.
10
Cox, Michael W. âInterpreters of Cultural Difference: The Use of Children in Jhumpa Lahiriâs Short Fiction.â South Asian Review, vol. 24, no. 2, 2003, pp. 120-132.
11
Dalton-Brown, Sally. âThe Freedom of the Inbetween: Gogolâs Ghost and Jhumpa Lahiriâs Immigrants.â Forum for Modern Language Studies, vol. 47, no. 3, 2011, pp. 332-344.
12
Darzinejad, Ensiyeh, and Leyla Baradaran Jamili. âThe performative Subjectivity of Muslim Women in the Diasporic Discourse of Leila Aboulela.â Journal of Critical Language and Literary Studies, vol, 14, no. 18, Spring and Summer 2017, pp. 59-85.
13
Dasgupta, Sanjukta. âReading Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake: Reviewing the Russian Connection.â Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, vol. 3, no. 4, 2011, pp. 530-544.
14
De, Aparajita. âWhatâs In a Name? Tropes of Belonging and Identity in The Namesake.â South Asian Review, vol. 28, no. 2, 2007, pp. 182-200.
15
Ehn, Billy, and Orvar Löfgren. The Secret World of Doing Nothing. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.
16
Farahbakhsh, Alireza, and Rezvaneh Ranjbar Sheykhani. âHomi K. Bhabhaâs Concept of Ambivalence in J. M. Coetzeeâs Disgrace.â Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, vol. 26, no. 2, 2018, pp. 859-872.
17
Friedman, Natalie. âFrom Hybrids to Tourists: Children of Immigrants in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â CRITIQUE: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, vol. 50, no. 1, 2008, pp. 111-128.
18
Gandhi, Leela. Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1998.
19
Gramsci, Antonio. Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci, edited by Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey N. Smith, New York: International Publishers, 1992.
20
Griffiths, Gareth. âThe Myth of Authenticity.â The Post-Colonial Studies Reader, edited by Bill Ashcroft et al., London: Routledge, 1995, pp. 237-241.
21
Guerin, Wilfred L., et al. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
22
Guha, Rajdeep. Family Relationships in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake and Kiran Desaiâs The Inheritance of Loss. MA thesis. The University of Otago, 2012.
23
Guha, Ranajit. Subaltern Studies: Writings on South Asian History and Society. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1982.
24
Habib, M. A. R. A History of Literary Criticism and Theory: From Plato to the Present. Malden: Blackwell, 2005.
25
Hamilton, Geoff, and Brian Jones. Encyclopedia of Contemporary Writers and Their Work. New York: Facts on File, 2010.
26
Haque, Farhana. âContestation and Negotiation of Gogolâs Life Regarding His Hybrid Identity in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â American Research Journal of English and Literature, 2016, pp. 1-7.
27
Joshi, Suchita. âThe Namesake: Account of a Name, Looking for Its Bearer.â Indian Women Novelists in English, edited by P. D. Bheda, New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2005, pp. 84-121.
28
Kasun, Genna Welsh. Womanism and the Fiction of Jhumpa Lahiri. MA thesis. The University of Vermont, 2009.
29
Kiruba, J. Blessin. âImmigrant Experiences in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake and Kiran Desaiâs The Inheritance of Loss.â Language in India, vol. 18, no. 1, 2018, pp. 136-147.
30
Lahiri, Himadri. âIndividual-Family Interface in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â Americana: E-Journal of American Studies in Hungary, vol. 4, no. 2, 2008, pp. 286-273.
31
Lahiri, Jhumpa. The Namesake. Translated by Amir Mahdi Haghighat, Tehran: Mahi, 2005.
32
Lahiri-Roy, Reshmi. âReconciling Identities: The Diasporic Bengali Woman in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â Transnational Literature, vol. 7, no. 2, 2015, pp. 1-10.
33
Lakshmi. C. M. âCoinciding Sisyphean Condition with Expatriation: Exploring the Existential Crisis of Gogol in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â International Journal of Linguistics and Communication, vol. 1, no. 1, 2013, pp. 25-27.
34
Leyda, Julia. âAn Interview with Jhumpa Lahiri.âContemporary Womenâs Writing, vol. 5, no. 1, 2011, pp. 66-83.
35
Loomba, Ania. Colonialism-postcolonialism. London: Routledge, 2000.
36
Louai, El Habib. âRetracing the Concept of the Subaltern from Gramsci to Spivak: Historical Developments and New Applications.â African Journal of History and Culture, vol. 4, no. 1, 2012, pp. 4-8.
37
Madhukar, Gore Mangesh. Reflection of Diasporic Sensibility in the Writings of Jhumpa Lahiri. PhD dissertation. Pune University, 2015.
38
Mani, Bakirathi. âNovel/Cinema/Photo: Intertextual Readings of The Namesakeâ. Naming Jhumpa Lahiri: Canons and Controversies, edited by Lavina Dhingra and Floyd Cheung, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2012, pp. 75-97.
39
Mary, S. Alphonsa, and V. Peruvalluthi. âIdentity and Cultural Conflict in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â Indo-Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, vol. 1, no. 5, 2015, pp. 424-427.
40
Mcleod, John. Beginning Postcolonialism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000.
41
Mishra, Binod. âA Reading of Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â Cyber Literature: International Online Journal, vol. 1, no. 4, 2010, pp. 1-9.
42
Moore-Gilbert, Bart. Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Politics. London: Verso, 2000.
43
Munos, Delphine. âThe Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri: The Accident of Inheritance.â Commonwealth: Essays and Studies, vol. 30, no. 2, 2008, pp. 106-117.
44
Nayar, Pramod K. The Postcolonial Studies Dictionary.Chichester: Wiley, 2015.
45
Nojoumian, Amir Ali, and Bahareh Bahmanpour. âA Haunted Narrative: Signifying Trauma of Displacement in Lahiriâs Trilogy of âHema and Kaushikâ in her Unaccustomed Earth.â Journal of Critical Language and Literary Studies, vol. 14, no. 19, Autumn and Winter 2017, pp. 77-97.
46
OâSullivan, Tim., et al. Key Concepts in Communication and Cultural Studies. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1994.
47
Parry, Benita. âProblems in Current Theories of Colonial Discourse.â Oxford Literary Review, vol. 9, no. 1, 1987, pp. 27-58.
48
Patil, Jyoti. âEnigma of Cultural Interface: A Study of Diasporic Experiences in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â Contemporary Fiction: An Anthology of Female Writers, edited by Vandana Pathak, et al., New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2008, pp. 143-155.
49
Puttaiah, Venkatesh. âParadoxes of Generational Breaks and Continuity inJhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â Asiatic, vol. 6, no. 1, 2012, pp. 84-94.
50
Raj, Sony J., and Soumya Jose. âDiasporic Ambivalence in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â Indian Writing in English: Critical Insights, edited by Bijender Singh, New Delhi: Authorspress, 2014, pp. 26-37.
51
Ranjbar Sheykhani, Rezvaneh. âA Postcolonial Reading of J. M. Coetzeeâs Foe and Disgrace.â MA thesis. University of Guilan, 2017.
52
Sahni, Yogita. âSense of Belonging in Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, vol. 19, no. 1, 2014, pp. 13-19.
53
Shankar, Lavina Dhingra. âNot Too Spicy: Exotic Mistresses of Cultural Translation in the Fiction of Chitra Divakaruni and Jhumpa Lahiri.â Other tongues: Rethinking the Language Debates in India, edited by Nalini Iyerand Bonnie Zare, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2009, pp. 23-52.
54
Shariff, Farha. âStraddling the Cultural Divide: Second-Generation South Asian Identity and The Namesake.â Changing English: Studies in Culture and Education, vol. 15, no. 4, 2008, pp. 457-466.
55
Song, Min Hyoung. âThe Children of 1965: Allegory, Postmodernism, and Jhumpa Lahiriâs The Namesake.â Twentieth Century Literature, vol. 53, no. 3, 2007, pp. 345-370.
56
Spivak, G. Ch. âCan the Subaltern Speak?â Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, edited by Carry Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg, London: Macmillan Education, 1988, pp. 271-313.
57
Srivastava, Prem. âLiterature still matters! The Namesake: Woman reads Woman.â Contemporary Fiction: An Anthology of Female Writers, edited by Vandana Pathak, et al., Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2008, pp. 28-48.
58
Young, Robert. White Mythologies: Writing History and the West. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2004.
59
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Echoes of Shakespeare's Dramatic Art in William Wordsworth's Tragedy The Borderers
The English Renaissance era has always been acknowledged as a unique arena for literary creativity in the periods that followed it. From the 45-year reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) to the end of King James’s monarchy, 1603-1625, English culture, art and literature experienced a range of brilliant, progressive changes that culminated in the appearing of leading figures as William Shakespeare, John Webster, Thomas Middleton, John Fletcher, Christopher Marlowe and Thomas Kyd in drama, and Edmund Spenser, Sir Philip Sidney, Ben Jonson, among others, in poetry. These figures more or less enjoyed resonance in their 18th and 19th-century ancestors’ literary productions, nevertheless, Shakespeare’s influence was more extensive. William Wordsworth was a poet who benefited widely from Shakespeare’s style and dramatic poetics. Wordsworth, in the course of his literary career, produced only one play in which a variety of Shakespearean aesthetics and textual techniques can be traced. The current research employs a contrastive approach to examine the role of Shakespeare in Wordsworth’s authorial consciousness of writing his play The Borderers.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100128_846afd61ecb18b49d2718a1607e7a426.pdf
2019-05-22
213
238
10.29252/clls.16.22.213
William Shakespeare
William Wordsworth
The Borderers
English Romanticism
Morteza
Lak
morteza.lak@gmail.com
1
Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Science and Research Branch
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Artistic Creation of an Immigrant Artist in a Hybridized Atmosphere: The Interplay of Cultural Signs
Immigration experience is always accompanied by tension and conflict. In other words, the immigrant is always under a double paradoxical command. The host asks the immigrant to assimilate into its culture, yet simultaneously it orders him to keep a distance which results in the “paradox of assimilation and difference”. Therefore, the immigrant will be in an impossible situation: on the one hand he has to actively participate in the assimilation process; on the other hand, he should keep his distance from the host culture. The Immigrant artist is not allowed to create a kind of art which is completely related to his culture because it is not readable and understandable in the host country, neither is he allowed to create some kind of art which is completely related to the host culture since that place is reserved for the artists of the host country. In this article, first the “paradox of assimilation and difference” and its consequences will be discussed, then the movie A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night by Ana Lily Amirpour, who is an immigrant Iranian-American director, will be analyzed. The aim is to show how her shattered identity as an immigrant artist is represented in her art. Although this impossible situation seems very painful at first glance, it is beneficial for the immigrant artist. In this hybridized space, she creates a kind of art which is innovative and unique, because she is not completely preoccupied with the hollywoodian clichés imposed by the host culture.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100140_77201e84d0373790e56f698b4ee48572.pdf
2019-05-22
99
118
10.29252/clls.16.22.99
Immigration
identity
semiotics
Paradox of Assimilation and Difference
Hybridized Space
Hoda
Shabrang
h.shabrang@khatam.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor of English Language and Literature, Department of English Language, Khatam University, Tehran, Iranَ
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Foreign language policy and planning specifications of Iran based on Hornberger’s integrative framework
The study of the documents and documentation related to language policy in the public and higher education system of the country can provide an appropriate context for understanding the factors and reasons for the trend of the educational system in languages or foreign languages, and the objectives of these policies for the program. This paper studied the official documents of foreign language education at the public and supreme levels of Iran with using Hornberger’s integrative framework to outline the specifications of language policy and planning in the educational system. The results of this study indicates the absence of a theoretical basis for foreign language policy and planning, and there is no specific executive program for the purposes specified in the foreign language documentation of the country.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100133_54ef16f762d6600ca68a9842209630a7.pdf
2019-05-22
37
58
10.29252/clls.16.22.37
foreign language policy
foreign language planning
official documents of Iran about languages
foreign language teaching
Hornberger’s integrative framework
Nader
Haghani
nhaghani@ut.ac.ir
1
University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elnaz
Ghodousi Shahneshin
shahneshin@ut.ac.ir
2
University of Tehran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Co-extensiveness of Power and Resistance: A Foucauldian Reading of Howard Barker’s Victory
Howard Barker’s theatre of catastrophe depicts subjects in violent crisis from which they can hardly escape. Such crises which generally happen in socio-political transformations of power enforce the subjects to subjectivise themselves. Accordingly, a socio-political crisis is seen in his Victory. The catastrophic transformation of power from Cromwell’s puritan administration to Charles II’s government compels the play’s characters to enter the process of self-fashioning. Such subjectivization of self can be analyzed by two Fouacauldian concepts about power: “co-extensiveness of power and resistance” and “assujettissement”. The researcher, then, tries to apply these theoretical frameworks to Victory. This study, at last, shows that the mentioned framework and the characters’ strategies of resistance in Victory are concordant.
https://clls.sbu.ac.ir/article_100126_0a9bfa903eb542510468eff5e4d23907.pdf
2019-05-22
191
212
10.29252/clls.16.22.191
Barker
Victory
Resistance
subjectivization
theatre of catastrophe
Power
Jalal
Farzaneh Dehkordi
jalal.farzaneh@gmail.com
1
-Imam Sadiq University-Faculty Member
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bibliography
1
Angel-Perez, Elizabeth. âFacing Defacement: Barker and Levinasâ. In Theatre of Catastrophe, eds. Gritzner and Rabey. London: Oberon (2006): 136-149.
2
Barker, Howard. Collected Plays. New York: John Calder Publishers, 1990.
3
Barker, Howard. The Arguments for a Theatre. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.
4
Butler, Judith. The Psychic Life of Power: Theories in Subjection. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1977.
5
Dreyfus, Hubert L. and Paul Rabino. Michel Foucault; Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
6
Foucault, Michel. Essential Works I (Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth). New York: The New Press, 2000.
7
---------. Essential Works III (Power). New York: The Nw Press, 2000.
8
---------. Remarks on Marx. New York: Semiotext(e), 1981.
9
---------. Discipline and Punish, the Birth of Prison. New York: Vintage, 1977.
10
---------. Will to Knowledge (History of Sexuality Vol I). Trans. Robert Hurley. New
11
York: Pantheon Books, 1976.
12
Grant, Steve. âBarkerâs Biteâ. Plays and Players (Nov, 1975): 36-39.
13
Hoy, David Couzens. Critical Resistance: From Poststructuralism to Post-Critique. London: The MIT Press, 2004.
14
Kelly, Mark G. E. The Political Philosophy of Michel Foucault. New York: Routledge, 2009.
15
Lamb, Charles. The Theatre of Howard Barker. London: Routledge, 2005.
16
Megson, Chris. âHoward Barker and Theatre of Catasropheâ. In A Companion to Modern British and Irish Drama. ed. Mary Luckhurst. Plackwll publishing (2006): 488-498.
17
Ed. Mary Luckhurst. Plackwll publishing, 2006.
18
Pickett, Brent L. âFoucult and Politics of Resistanceâ. Polity 28.4 (Summer, 1996): 445-466.
19
Rabey, David Ian. Howard Barker: Politics of Desire. New York: Palgrave, 1989.
20
Zimmermann, Heiner. âImages of Death in Howard barkerâs Theatreâ. In Theatre of Catasrophe. Eds. Gritzner and Rabey, London: Oberon (2006): 211-230.
21