bahare saghazade; Bahman Namvar Motlagh
Abstract
The present study tries to investigate "femininity" and its relation to "death" in The Balcony by Jean Genet, with the help of Julia Kristeva and Maurice Blanchot’s views. These two concepts have always been abjected as "other" in the history of Western phallogocentrique thought. According to Hélène ...
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The present study tries to investigate "femininity" and its relation to "death" in The Balcony by Jean Genet, with the help of Julia Kristeva and Maurice Blanchot’s views. These two concepts have always been abjected as "other" in the history of Western phallogocentrique thought. According to Hélène Cixous, the root cause of this abjection of women resides in language, the one which is based on binary oppositions. According to the researcher, the reason of death abjection should also be sought in language; Blanchot mentions this gap in his article "La Littérature et le Droit à la Mort" and considers the task of literature to give the reader the experience of death, and thus to fill this gap. In the play Balcon, Jean Genet, by crossing the boundaries of symbolic order, deconstructing the binary-based language, and relying on the semiotic mode of signification rather than symbolic mode, creates a new language that can be called "feminine" by Cixous and Kristeva’s criteria. With the help of the motherly features of its language and narrative, this work has been able to instill the experience of death as one of its main elements, and has fulfilled the task of literature, according to Blanchot, in granting the experience of death to the reader.
Masoud Farahmnadfar; Ghiasuddin Alizadeh
Abstract
September 11 attacks provided the American neo-Imperialism with the opportunity to disseminate the discourse of Islamophobia under the aegis of war against terrorism. The event influenced the world of literature, and many writers were prompted to find a response to the “Othering” of Muslims ...
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September 11 attacks provided the American neo-Imperialism with the opportunity to disseminate the discourse of Islamophobia under the aegis of war against terrorism. The event influenced the world of literature, and many writers were prompted to find a response to the “Othering” of Muslims and Middle-Easterners in western narratives. One of these authors is the Pakistani Mohsen Hamid who, in The Reluctant Fundamentalist, brings us face to face with the economic aspects of cultural and international injustice, and brings to light the deficiencies of the globalization discourse. This article studies the constitution of Changiz’s subjectivity as an alien and “other” in the wake of the September 11 attacks. The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a novel which impels the reader to think deeply about the lies hidden behind the universal and totalitarian categories such as “west/east” and “we/they.” Mohsen Hamid shows that the cultural map of the world needs a new design because national cultures are founded on the limitation of the alien, although they have their roots in people’s actions and behaviors, and do not possess an ontological and intrinsic value. This article explores the interconnectedness of identity and third space by studying Changiz’s character.
Mehrdad Bidgoli; Shamsoddin Royanian
Volume 15, Issue 21 , October 2019, , Pages 57-96
Abstract
Emmanuel Levinas, the lesser known twentieth century philosopher, had been influenced by art in his philosophizing before he proposed his new ideas in 1961. Not only was he influenced by art, but paradoxically by literature and a number of great literary figures. Thinkers like Dostoevsky, Gogol, Cervantes ...
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Emmanuel Levinas, the lesser known twentieth century philosopher, had been influenced by art in his philosophizing before he proposed his new ideas in 1961. Not only was he influenced by art, but paradoxically by literature and a number of great literary figures. Thinkers like Dostoevsky, Gogol, Cervantes and other universally-acclaimed figures, consciously or unconsciously, had their hands in his philosophy and he himself pointed to this fact in an interview with Philippe Nemo. But Shakespeare is the one to whom he alluded with specificity. Especially at the outset of his philosophical career from 1947 to 1961, he referred to Shakespeare and his Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear and Romeo and Juliet in such a way as if they serve as a direct impact on his philosophical thoughts. Thus, the inspiration he receives from literature seems to be worthy of a further study and analysis. Therefore, this article aims at studying the impact of literature and especially Shakespeare on Levinas. After a brief introduction, the study considers Levinas’s allusions to Shakespeare in various parts of his oeuvre, with an emphasis on Time and the Other. Through such a dialogue, Shakespeare’s position for Levinas will be discussed and his significance for him will be exposed.
Dominik Carnox –Torabi; Monireh Akbarpouran
Volume 13, Issue 17 , October 2017, , Pages 79-99
Abstract
Imagology, as un approach in Comparative Literature for the study of images and representations of the alien ("other") in a literary work, may have a special relation with Epic genre; because only in this genre, representation of Other necessarily accompanies rejection, fear and exaggerated humiliation; ...
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Imagology, as un approach in Comparative Literature for the study of images and representations of the alien ("other") in a literary work, may have a special relation with Epic genre; because only in this genre, representation of Other necessarily accompanies rejection, fear and exaggerated humiliation; and in the trilogy of reactions to the alien, defined by Daniel Henri Pageaux, i.e. xenophobia, xenophilia and xenomania, this representation is placed in former category. The Epic genre, in fact, is an identity-based genre that, highlighting the differences and conflicts between Us and the Other, covers up the internal contradictions and conflicts and reconstructs social identity. This identity is certainly defined in relation to an otherness which monsters and ogres are examples. In this article, we would analyze the poetic of Other representation in the epic genre, study the mechanism of exclusion and deformation of the alien, and examine its relation with the intrinsic properties of epic.
Mahboubeh Fahimkalam
Volume 13, Issue 17 , October 2017, , Pages 209-236
Abstract
Antichrista, a novel by AmélieNothomb, narrates distress and conflict of its characters. The author portrays the mental status of the characters such as shyness, self-effacement, dependency, lying, contempt and pride. Both succoring and Supremacist characters created by Nothomb in this novel are evocative ...
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Antichrista, a novel by AmélieNothomb, narrates distress and conflict of its characters. The author portrays the mental status of the characters such as shyness, self-effacement, dependency, lying, contempt and pride. Both succoring and Supremacist characters created by Nothomb in this novel are evocative of the personality types addressed by Horne in her psychological theories. Being one of the great theoreticians of psychoanalysis field, Karen Horney attached importance to social and cultural elements in formation of human character. She disagreed with Freudian views on psychoanalysis and finally presented an innovative approach to different behaviors associated with personality types. This article analyzes Antichristaby Amélie Nothomb based on Horny psychological theories.